Contents -- List of Illustrations -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Part 1: Introduction -- 1 The Problem -- 1.1 "Wicked" Problems -- 1.2 Expanding and Competing Values -- 1.3 Special Difficulties in Forests -- 1.4 Adaptive Management -- 1.5 Bounding the Book: What It Is and Is Not -- 1.6 Summary -- 2 The Example -- 2.1 Physical and Ecological Setting -- 2.2 Social and Historical Contexts -- 2.3 New Planning and Practices -- 2.4 Structures to Make It Work -- 2.5 Monitoring -- 2.6 Summary -- 3 The Approach -- 3.1 Managers' Questions -- 3.2 Establishing Objectives and Measures of Success -- 3.3 Deciding on Actions -- 3.4 Evaluating Success -- 3.5 Linking Findings to Actions -- 3.6 Summary -- 4 Implementing the Approach -- 4.1 Change in Midstream -- 4.2 Progress in Adopting the Approach -- 4.3 Assessing the Outcomes of Guidelines -- 4.4 Lessons from Implementation Monitoring -- 4.5 Summary -- Part 2: The Indicators -- 5 Effectiveness Monitoring: An Introduction -- 5.1 Context -- 5.2 How Do We Ask Our Questions? -- 5.3 What Would We Do with the Data if We Had Them? -- 5.4 How Do We Discern What Is Better? -- 5.5 Where Does the Answer Apply? -- 5.6 The Role of Pilot Studies -- 5.7 Summary -- 6 Ecosystem Representation: Sustaining Poorly Known Species and Functions -- 6.1 Rationale -- 6.2 What to Monitor -- 6.3 How to Monitor -- 6.4 Anticipated Feedback to Management -- 6.5 Summary -- 7 Learning from Ecosystem Representation -- 7.1 Context -- 7.2 Methods -- 7.3 Results -- 7.4 Discussion -- 7.5 Summary -- 8 Sustaining Forested Habitat -- 8.1 Rationale -- 8.2 What to Monitor -- 8.3 How to Monitor -- 8.4 Anticipated Feedback to Management -- 8.5 Summary -- 9 Learning from Habitat Elements -- 9.1 Context -- 9.2 Methods -- 9.3 Results and Implications -- 9.4 General Discussion -- 9.5 Summary -- 10 Sustaining Forest-Dwelling Species -- 10.1 Rationale.

10.2 What to Monitor? An Overview -- 10.3 What to Monitor: Vascular Plants -- 10.4 What to Monitor: Bryophytes -- 10.5 What to Monitor: Lichens -- 10.6 What to Monitor: Fungi -- 10.7 What to Monitor: Invertebrates -- 10.8 What to Monitor: Vertebrates -- 10.9 Overall Feedback to Management -- 10.10 Summary -- 11 Learning from Organisms -- 11.1 Context -- 11.2 Intended Roles of the Pilot Study Phase -- 11.3 Individual Monitoring Projects -- 11.4 Summary -- Part 3: Summary -- 12 Designing a Monitoring Program -- 12.1 Context -- 12.2 How to Ask Questions -- 12.3 Stand-Level Comparisons -- 12.4 Selecting Indicator Variables -- 12.5 Matching Indicators with Comparisons -- 12.6 Answering Questions Well -- 12.7 Monitoring over Larger Areas -- 12.8 The Role of Models -- 12.9 Summary -- 13 Summary: Progress and Lessons Learned -- 13.1 Context -- 13.2 Progress -- 13.3 Lessons Learned -- 13.4 Summary Thoughts -- Appendices -- Notes -- Glossary -- A -- B -- C -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- L -- M -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- X -- Y -- Literature Cited -- List of Contributors -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.