Cover -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1. Physical Properties of Fluids -- 1.0 Introduction -- 1.1 Three Phases of Matter -- 1.2 Compressible and Incompressible fluids -- 1.3 Dimensions and Units -- 1.4 Continuum -- 1.5 Definition of some Common Terminology -- 1.6 Vapour and Gas -- 1.7 Characteristic Equation for Gases -- 1.8 Viscosity -- 1.8.1 Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids -- 1.8.2 Viscosity and Momentum Transfer -- 1.8.3 Effect of Temperature on Viscosity -- 1.8.4 Significance of Kinematic Viscosity -- 1.8.5 Measurement of Viscosity of Fluids -- 1.9 Effect of Viscosity on Machine Performance -- 1.9.1 Viscous Torque and Power-Rotating Shafts -- 1.9.2 Viscous Torque-Disk Rotating over a Parallel Plate -- 1.9.3 Viscous Torque-Cone in a Conical Support -- 1.10 Surface Tension -- 1.10.1 Surface Tension Effect on Solid-Liquid Interface -- 1.10.2 Capillary Rise or Depression -- 1.10.3 Pressure Difference Caused by Surface Tension on a Doubly Curved Surface -- 1.10.4 Pressure Inside a Droplet and a Free Jet -- 1.11 Compressibility and Bulk Modulus -- 1.11.1 Expressions for the Bulk Modulus of Gases -- 1.12 Vapour Pressure -- 1.12.1 Partial Pressure -- Solved Problems -- Review Questions -- Objective Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Chapter 2. Pressure Distribution in Fluids -- 2.0 Introduction -- 2.1 Pressure -- 2.2 Pressure Measurement -- 2.3 Pascal's Law -- 2.4 Pressure Variation in Static Fluid (Hydrostatic Law) -- 2.4.1 Pressure Variation in Fluid with Constant Density -- 2.4.2 Pressure Variation in Fluid with Varying Density -- 2.5 Manometers -- 2.5.1 Micromanometer -- 2.5.2 Modified Single Column Manometer -- 2.5.3 Differential Manometers -- 2.6 Pressure Variation in Compressible Fluid -- 2.6.1 Isothermal Assumption -- 2.6.2 Adiabatic Assumption -- Solved Problems -- Review Questions -- Objective Questions -- Exercise Problems.

Chapter 3. Forces on Surfaces Immersed in Fluids -- 3.0 Introduction -- 3.1 Centroid and Moment of Inertia of Areas -- 3.2 Force on an Arbitrarily Shaped Plate Immersed in a Liquid -- 3.3 Centre of Pressure for an Immersed Inclined Plane -- 3.3.1 Centre of Pressure for Immersed Vertical Planes -- 3.4 Component of Forces on Immersed Inclined Rectangles -- 3.5 Forces on Curved Surfaces -- 3.6 Hydrostatic Forces in Layered Fluids -- 3.7 Distribution of Pressure in Static Fluids Subjected to Acceleration, as -- 3.7.1 Free Surface of Accelerating Fluid -- 3.7.2 Pressure Distribution in Accelerating Fluids Along Horizontal Direction -- 3.7.3 Pressure Distribution in Accelerating Fluids Along Vertical Direction -- 3.8 Forced Vortex -- Solved Problems -- Review Questions -- Objective Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Chapter 4. Buoyancy Forces and Stability of Floating Bodies -- 4.0 Archimedes Principle -- 4.1 Buoyancy Force -- 4.2 Stability of Submerged and Floating Bodies -- 4.3 Conditions for the Stability of Floating Bodies -- 4.4 Metacentric Height -- 4.4.1 Experimental Method for the Determination of Metacentric Height -- 4.5 Oscillation (Rolling) of Floating Body -- Solved Problems -- Review Questions -- Objective Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Chapter 5. Fluid Flow-Basic Concepts-Hydrodynamics -- 5.0 Introduction -- 5.1 Lagrangian and Eularian Methods of Study of Fluid Flow -- 5.2 Basic Scientific Laws used in the Analysis of Fluid Flow -- 5.3 Flow of Ideal/Inviscid and Real Fluids -- 5.4 Steady and Unsteady Flow -- 5.5 Compressible and Incompressible Flow -- 5.6 Laminar and Turbulent Flow -- 5.7 Concepts of Uniform Flow, Reversible Flow and Two/Three Dimensional Flow -- 5.8 Rotational and Irrotational Flows -- 5.9 Continuity Equation for Flow-Cartesian Coordinates -- 5.10 Velocity and Acceleration Components.

5.11 Irrotational Flow and Condition for Such Flows -- 5.11.1 Types of Motion -- 5.12 Concepts of Circulation and Vorticity -- 5.13 Streamlines, Stream Tube, Path Lines, Streak Lines and Time Lines -- 5.14 Concept of Streamline -- 5.15 Concept of Stream Function -- 5.16 Potential Function -- 5.17 Stream Function for Rectilinear Flow Field (Positive X Direction) -- 5.18 Two Dimensional Flows-Types of Flow -- 5.18.1 Source Flow -- 5.18.2 Sink Flow -- 5.18.3 Irrotational Vortex of Strength K -- 5.18.4 Doublet of Strength Λ -- 5.19 Principle of Superposing of Flows (Or Combining of Flows) -- 5.19.1 Source and Uniform Flow (Flow Past a Half Body) -- 5.19.2 Source and Sink of Equal Strength with Separation of 2a Along x-axis -- 5.19.3 Source and Sink Displaced at 2a and Uniform Flow (Flow Past a Rankine Body) -- 5.19.4 Vortex (Clockwise) and Uniform Flow -- 5.19.5 Doublet and Uniform Flow (Flow Past a Cylinder) -- 5.19.6 Doublet, Vortex (Clockwise) and Uniform Flow -- 5.19.7 Source and Vortex (Spiral Vortex Counterclockwise) -- 5.19.8 Sink and Vortex (Spiral Vortex Counterclockwise) -- 5.19.9 Vortex Pair (Equal Strength, Opposite Rotation, Separation by 2a) -- 5.20 Concept of Flow Net -- 5.21 Vortex Flow -- 5.21.1 Forced Vortex Flow -- 5.21.2 Free Vortex Flow -- 5.21.3 Equation of Motion for Forced Vortex Flow -- 5.21.4 Equation of Motion for Free Vortex Flow -- Solved Problems -- Objective Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Chapter 6. Bernoulli Equation and Applications -- 6.0 Introduction -- 6.1 Forms of Energy Encountered in Fluid Flow -- 6.1.1 Kinetic Energy -- 6.1.2 Potential Energy -- 6.1.3 Pressure Energy (Also Equals Flow Energy) -- 6.1.4 Internal Energy -- 6.1.5 Electrical and Magnetic Energy -- 6.2 Variation in the Relative Values of Various forms of Energy During Flow -- 6.3 Euler's Equation of Motion for Flow Along a stream Line.

6.4 Bernoulli Equation for Fluid Flow -- 6.5 Energy Line and Hydraulic Gradient Line -- 6.6 Volume Flow Through a Venturimeter -- 6.7 Euler and Bernoulli Equation for Flow with Friction -- 6.8 Concept and Measurement of Dynamic, Static and Total Head -- 6.8.1 Pitot Tube -- Solved Problems -- Objective Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Chapter 7. Flow in Closed Conduits (Pipes) -- 7.0 Parameters Involved in the Study of Flow Through Closed Conduits -- 7.1 Boundary Layer Concept in the Study of Fluid Flow -- 7.2 Boundary Layer Development over a Flat Plate -- 7.3 Development of Boundary Layer in Closed Conduits (Pipes) -- 7.4 Features of Laminar and Turbulent Flows -- 7.5 Hydraulically "Rough" and "Smooth" Pipes -- 7.6 Concept of "Hydraulic Diameter": (Dh) -- 7.7 Velocity Variation with Radius for Fully Developed Laminar Flow in Pipes -- 7.7.1 Correction Factors for Kinetic Energy and Momentum in Pipe Flow -- 7.7.2 Flow of Viscous Fluid Between Parallel Plates -- 7.8 Darcy-Weisbach Equation for Calculating Pressure Drop -- 7.9 Hagen-Poiseuille Equation for Friction Drop -- 7.10 Significance of Reynolds Number in Pipe Flow -- 7.11 Velocity Distribution and Friction Factor for Turbulent Flow in Pipes -- 7.12 Minor Losses in Pipe Flow -- 7.13 Expression for the Loss of Head at Sudden Expansion in Pipe Flow -- 7.14 Losses in Elbows, Bends and Other Pipe Fittings -- 7.15 Energy Line and Hydraulic Grade Line in Conduit Flow -- 7.16 Concept of Equivalent Length -- 7.17 Concept of Equivalent Pipe or Equivalent Length -- 7.18 Fluid Power Transmission Through Pipes -- 7.18.1 Condition for Maximum Power Transmission -- 7.19 Network Method -- 7.19.1 Pipes in Series-Electrical Analogy -- 7.19.2 Pipes in Parallel -- 7.19.3 Branching Pipes -- 7.19.4 Pipe Network -- 7.20 Water Hammer in Pipes -- 7.20.1 Gradual Closure of Valve.

7.20.2 Sudden Closure of Valve and Pipe Rigid -- 7.20.3 Sudden Closure of Valve and Pipe Elastic -- Solved Problems -- Objective Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Chapter 8. Dimensional Analysis, Similitude and Model Testing -- Part-I Dimensional Analysis -- 8.0 Introduction -- 8.1 Methods of Determination of Dimensionless Groups -- 8.2 The Principle of Dimensional Homogeneity -- 8.3 Buckingham PI Theorem -- 8.3.1 Determination of Pi Groups -- 8.4 Important Dimensionless Parameters -- 8.5 Correlation of Experimental Data -- 8.5.1 Problems with One Pi Term -- 8.5.2 Problems with Two Pi Terms -- 8.5.3 Problems with Three Dimensionless Parameters -- Part-II Similitude and Model Testing -- 8.6 Introduction -- 8.7 Model and Prototype -- 8.8 Conditions for Similarity Between Models and Prototype -- 8.8.1 Geometric Similarity -- 8.8.2 Dynamic Similarity -- 8.8.3 Kinematic Similarity -- 8.9 Types of Model Studies -- 8.9.1 Flow through Closed Conduits -- 8.9.2 Flow Around Immersed Bodies -- 8.9.3 Flow with Free Surface -- 8.9.4 Models for Turbomachinery -- 8.10 Non Dimensionalising Governing Differential Equations -- 8.11 Conclusion -- Part-I -- Objective Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Part-II -- Objective Questions -- Exercise Problems -- Chapter 9. Flow of Compressible Fluids -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Basics of Thermodynamics -- 9.2.1 Thermodynamic Process -- 9.2.2 First Law of Thermodynamics and Energy Equation -- 9.2.3 Concept of Stagnation Properties and Reversible Adiabatic Process -- 9.2.4 Concept of Entropy -- 9.3 Propagation of Sound Wave -- 9.3.1 Determination of Velocity of Sound -- 9.3.2 Velocity of Sound in Perfect Gas -- 9.3.3 Velocity of Sound in Incompressible Fluids and Solids -- 9.3.4 Mach Number -- 9.4 Pressure Field Created by Moving Point of Disturbance -- 9.4.1 Stationary Source (M = 0) -- 9.4.2 Moving Source-Subsonic (M < 1).

9.4.3 Moving Source-Sonic Speed (M = 1).