Contents -- List of Tables and Figures -- List of Abbreviations -- Preface and Acknowledgments -- One. Introduction -- Two. From Islamists to Muslim Reformers: A Theory of Political Change -- Three. Muslim Reformism in Comparative Perspective -- Four. Muslim Reformism: Engagement with Secularism and Liberal Democracy -- Five. The Guardians and Elections in Iran and Turkey -- Six. A Moment of Enthusiasm in the Islamic Republic -- Seven. Elusive Democratization in the Secular Republic -- Eight. A Tale of Two Elections -- Nine. Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter One -- Chapter Two -- Chapter Three -- Chapter Four -- Chapter Five -- Chapter Six -- Chapter Seven -- Chapter Eight -- Chapter Nine -- Bibliography -- Index.