CONTENTS -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- PART 1. SHAPING POLICY -- 1. Ethics, Politics, and the Public: Shaping the Research Agenda -- 2. Federal R&D: Shaping the National Investment Portfolio -- 3. Universities and Intellectual Property: Shaping a New Patent Policy for Government Funded Academic Research -- 4. Geography and Spillover: Shaping Innovation Policy through Small Business Research -- PART 2. SHAPING SCIENCE -- 5. EPA's Drinking Water Standards and the Shaping of Sound Science -- 6. The Case of Chemical Hormesis: How Scientific Anomaly Shapes Environmental Science and Policy -- 7. Earmarks and EPSCoR: Shaping the Distribution, Quality, and Quantity of University Research -- 8. Innovation in the U.S. Computer Equipment Industry: How Foreign R&D and International Trade Shape Domestic Innovation -- PART 3. SHAPING TECHNOLOGY -- 9. Shaping Technical Standards: Where Are the Users? -- 10. Technical Change for Social Ends: Shaping Transportation Infrastructures in U.S. Cities -- 11. Shaping Infrastructure and Innovation on the Internet: The End-to-End Network That Isn't -- 12. Technology Policy by Default: Shaping Communications Technology through Regulatory Policy -- PART 4. SHAPING LIFE -- 13. Engaging Diverse Communities in Shaping Genetics Policy: Who Gets to Shape the New Biotechnology? -- 14. Informed Consent and the Shaping of British and U.S. Population-Based Genetic Research -- 15. Embryos, Legislation, and Modernization: Shaping Life in the UK and German Parliaments -- 16. Reconceptualizing Technology Transfer: The Challenge of Shaping an International System of Genetic Testing for Breast Cancer -- About the Editors -- About the Contributors -- Index.