Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Parental Attitudes toward Children -- Part I. Mortality and Burial Practices through History -- Chapter 1. A Brief History of Child Mortality -- Institutionalized Children -- Abandonment and Illegitimacy -- Burial Clubs -- Breastfeeding and Wet Nurses -- Wealth and Mortality -- Conflict -- Parent Education Level -- Other Causes of Mortality in Europe -- Parent Education, Child Rearing, and Other Examples of Actions Taken to Improve Mortality -- Chapter 2. Burial Pits and Ivory Beads: Prehistoric Children -- The First Children -- Burial Rituals -- Burial Places -- Monuments -- Cillini -- Burials in Homes -- Jar Burials -- Status of Children in Burials -- Infanticide among Prehistoric Groups -- Chapter 3. Burials at Night: Children from Ancient Civilizations -- Evidence of Parental Concern -- Romans -- Ancient Athens -- Anglo Saxons -- Sacrifice and Infanticide in the Ancient World -- Child Sacrifice in Ancient American Civilizations -- Vikings -- Chapter 4. Collateral of the Plague: Children of the Middle Ages and Renaissance -- Effects of the Black Death -- Abandonment and Infanticide in Medieval Europe -- The Crusades -- Medieval Islam -- Medieval Ireland -- The Renaissance -- Noble Children of the Renaissance -- Chapter 5. Ambivalence, Christianity, Slavery, and the Devil: America and England in the 17th to 20th Centuries -- Divine Providence -- Responsibility for Child Mortality -- Colonial and Victorian Era Grief -- Women's Writings -- Grieving Victorian Mothers -- Treatment of the Stillborn -- Grave Stones, Epitaphs, and Burials -- Slave Children -- Burial Practices for Slave Children -- Newsboys -- Funerals and Mourning Dress in the Nineteenth Century -- Causes of Death in Nineteenth Century England -- Accusations of Infanticide -- Chapter 6. Modern Times: The Psychology of Grief.

Consolation and Grief -- Children's Funerals and Religious Beliefs -- Treatment of Stillborn Infants -- Grieving Nurses Who Care for Dying Children -- Euthanasia -- Euthanasia by the Nazis -- High Child Mortality in the Modern World: The Case of the Women of the Alto -- Day of the Dead in Mexico -- Sandy Hook and School Shootings -- Modern Conflict and War -- Chapter 7. Indigenous Peoples of the World: Symbolism in Grief -- Native North Americans -- Tribes of Africa -- Infanticide among Indigenous Groups -- South America -- Oceania -- North American Indians -- Tribes of Africa -- Burial Places -- Part II. Indicators of Parental Attitudes toward Child Death -- Chapter 8. Indicators of Parental Concern: Naming and Replacement -- Naming in Different Cultures and Time Periods -- Colonial Uganda and the Zulu of South Africa -- Replacement -- HIV and Replacement in Zimbabwe -- The Replacement Child -- Chapter 9. Consolation Literature: Sympathy Letters, Poetry, and Books on Parental Grief -- Plutarch's Consolation Letter to His Wife -- Consolation Manuals for Parents -- Poetry -- Medieval Islam -- Jan of Poland's Laments -- Lutheran Consolation Poetry in Modern Germany -- Yiddish Holocaust Lullabies -- Nineteenth Century England and America -- Modern Consolation -- Chapter 10. Visual Representations of Child Death: Artwork and Photographs -- Representation of Children in Art -- Memorial Photography -- Chapter 11. Infanticide and Child Sacrifice: An Overview -- Causes and Reasons for Infanticide -- Disability as a Reason for Infanticide -- Law and Punishment for Infanticide -- A Brief History of Infanticide in Different Cultures and Time Periods -- Infant and Child Sacrifice -- Notes -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 -- Chapter 2 -- Chapter 3 -- Chapter 4 -- Chapter 5 -- Chapter 6 -- Chapter 7 -- Chapter 8 -- Chapter 9 -- Chapter 10 -- Chapter 11.

References -- Index.