Praise for The Handbook of Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing -- Series page -- Dedication -- Title page -- Copyright page -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Notes on Contributors -- Preface -- Introduction -- Part I: Formal Foundations -- 1 Formal Language Theory -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Basic Notions -- 3 Language Classes and Linguistic Formalisms -- 4 Regular Languages -- 5 Context-Free Languages -- 6 The Chomsky Hierarchy -- 7 Mildly Context-Sensitive Languages -- 8 Further Reading -- 2 Computational Complexity in Natural Language -- 1 A Brief Review of Complexity Theory -- 2 Parsing and Recognition -- 3 Complexity and Semantics -- 4 Determining Logical Relationships between Sentences -- 3 Statistical Language Modeling -- 1 Introduction to Statistical Language Modeling -- 2 Structured LanguageModel -- 3 Speech Recognition Lattice Rescoring Using the Structured Language Model -- 4 Richer Syntactic Dependencies -- 5 Comparison with Other Approaches -- 6 Conclusion -- 4 Theory of Parsing -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Context-Free Grammars and Recognition -- 3 Context-Free Parsing -- 4 Probabilistic Parsing -- 5 Lexicalized Context-Free Grammars -- 6 Dependency Grammars -- 7 Tree Adjoining Grammars -- 8 Translation -- 9 Further Reading -- Part II: Current Methods -- 5 Maximum Entropy Models -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Maximum Entropy and Exponential Distributions -- 3 Parameter Estimation -- 4 Regularization -- 5 Model Applications -- 6 Prospects -- 6 Memory-Based Learning -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Memory-Based Language Processing -- 3 NLP Applications -- 4 Exemplar-Based Computational Psycholinguistics -- 5 Generalization and Abstraction -- 6 Generalizing Examples -- 7 Further Reading -- 7 Decision Trees -- 1 NLP and Classification -- 2 Induction of Decision Trees -- 3 NLP Applications.

4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Decision Trees -- 5 Further Reading -- 8 Unsupervised Learning and Grammar Induction -- 1 Overview -- 2 Computational Learning Theory -- 3 Empirical Learning -- 4 Unsupervised Grammar Induction and Human Language Acquisition -- 5 Conclusion -- 9 Artificial Neural Networks -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 Contemporary Research -- 4 Further Reading -- 10 Linguistic Annotation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Review of Selected Annotation Schemes -- 3 The Annotation Process -- 4 Conclusion -- 11 Evaluation of NLP Systems -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Fundamental Concepts -- 3 Evaluation Paradigms in Common Evaluation Settings -- 4 Case Study: Evaluation ofWord-Sense Disambiguation -- 5 Case Study: Evaluation of Question Answering Systems -- 6 Summary -- Part III: Domains of Application -- 12 Speech Recognition -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Acoustic Modeling -- 3 Search -- 4 Case Study: The AMI System -- 5 Current Topics -- 6 Conclusions -- 13 Statistical Parsing -- 1 Introduction -- 2 History -- 3 Generative Parsing Models -- 4 Discriminative Parsing Models -- 5 Transition-Based Approaches -- 6 Statistical Parsing with CCG -- 7 OtherWork -- 8 Conclusion -- 14 Segmentation and Morphology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Unsupervised Learning ofWords -- 3 Unsupervised Learning of Morphology -- 4 Implementing ComputationalMorphologies -- 5 Conclusions -- 15 Computational Semantics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Background -- 3 State of the Art -- 4 Research Issues -- 5 Corpus-Based andMachine Learning Methods -- 6 Concluding Remarks -- 16 Computational Models of Dialogue -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Challenges of Dialogue -- 3 Approaches to Dialogue System Design -- 4 Interaction and Meaning -- 5 Extensions -- 6 Conclusions -- 17 Computational Psycholinguistics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 ComputationalModels of Human Language Processing -- 3 Symbolic Models.

4 Probabilistic Models -- 5 Connectionist Models of Sentence Processing -- 6 HybridModels -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- Part IV: Applications -- 18 Information Extraction -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Historical Background -- 3 Name Extraction -- 4 Entity Extraction -- 5 Relation Extraction -- 6 Event Extraction -- 7 Concluding Remarks -- 19 Machine Translation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The State of the Art: Phrase-Based Statistical MT -- 3 Other Approaches to MT -- 4 MT Applications -- 5 Machine Translation at DCU -- 6 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions -- 7 Further Reading -- 20 Natural Language Generation -- 1 High-Level Perspective: Making Choices about Language -- 2 Two NLG Systems: SumTime and SkillSum -- 3 NLG Choices and Tasks -- 4 NLG Evaluation -- 5 Some NLG Research Topics -- 6 NLG Resources -- 21 Discourse Processing -- 1 Discourse: Basic Notions and Terminology -- 2 Discourse Structure -- 3 Discourse Coherence -- 4 Anaphora Resolution -- 5 Applications -- 6 Further Reading -- 22 Question Answering -- 1 What is Question Answering? -- 2 Current State of the Art in Open Domain QA -- 3 Current Directions -- 4 Further Reading -- References -- Author Index -- Subject Index.