Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Foreword -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1 General Introduction -- Chapter 2 Principles of THz Generation -- 2.1 Overview -- 2.2 THz Generation by Photomixers and Photoconductors -- 2.2.1 Principle of Operation -- 2.2.2 Basic Concepts and Design Rules -- 2.2.3 Thermal Constraints -- 2.2.4 Electrical Constraints -- 2.2.5 Device Layouts of Photoconductive Devices -- 2.2.6 Device Layouts of p-i-n Diode-Based Emitters -- 2.3 Principles of Electronic THz Generation -- 2.3.1 Oscillators with Negative Differential Conductance -- 2.3.2 Multipliers (Schottky Diodes, Hetero-Barrier Varactors) -- 2.3.3 Plasmonic Sources -- References -- Chapter 3 Principles of Emission of THz Waves -- 3.1 Fundamental Parameters of Antennas -- 3.1.1 Radiation Pattern -- 3.1.2 Directivity -- 3.1.3 Gain and Radiation Efficiency -- 3.1.4 Effective Aperture Area and Aperture Efficiency -- 3.1.5 Phase Pattern and Phase Center -- 3.1.6 Polarization -- 3.1.7 Input Impedance and Radiation Resistance -- 3.1.8 Bandwidth -- 3.2 Outcoupling Issues of THz Waves -- 3.2.1 Radiation Pattern of a Dipole over a Semi-Infinite Substrate -- 3.2.2 Radiation Pattern of a Dipole in a Multilayered Medium -- 3.2.3 Anomalies in the Radiation Pattern -- 3.3 THz Antenna Topologies -- 3.3.1 Resonant Antennas -- 3.3.2 Self-Complementary Antennas -- 3.4 Lenses -- 3.4.1 Lens Design -- 3.5 Techniques for Improving the Performance of THz Antennas -- 3.5.1 Conjugate Matching Technique -- 3.5.2 Tapered Slot Antenna on Electromagnetic Band Gap Structures -- 3.6 Arrays -- 3.6.1 General Overview and Spectral Features of Arrays -- 3.6.2 Large Area Emitters -- References -- Chapter 4 Propagation at THz Frequencies.

4.1 Helmholtz Equation and Electromagnetic Modes of Propagation -- 4.2 THz Waveguides -- 4.2.1 Waveguides with a Single Conductor: TE and TM Modes -- 4.2.2 Waveguides with Two or More Conductors: TEM and Quasi-TEM Modes -- 4.2.3 Waveguides with No Conductor: Hybrid Modes -- 4.3 Beam Waveguides -- 4.3.1 Gaussian Beam -- 4.3.2 Launching and Focusing Components: Horns, Lenses, and Mirrors -- 4.3.3 Other Components Needed in Beam Waveguides -- 4.3.4 Absorbers -- 4.3.5 Modeling Horns Using Mode Matching -- 4.3.6 Multimode Systems and Partially Coherent Propagation -- 4.3.7 Modeling Techniques for THz Propagation in THz Systems -- 4.4 High Frequency Electric Characterization of Materials -- 4.4.1 Drude Model -- 4.4.2 Lorentz\endashDrude Model -- 4.4.3 Brendel\endashBormann Model -- 4.5 Propagation in Free Space -- 4.5.1 Link Budget -- 4.5.2 Atmospheric Attenuation -- References -- Chapter 5 Principles of THz Direct Detection -- 5.1 Detection Mechanisms -- 5.1.1 E-Field Rectification -- 5.1.2 Thermal Detection -- 5.1.3 Plasma-Wave, HEMT, and MOS-Based Detection -- 5.2 Noise Mechanisms -- 5.2.1 Noise from Electronic Devices -- 5.2.2 Phonon Noise -- 5.2.3 Photon Noise with Direct Detection -- 5.3 THz Coupling -- 5.3.1 THz Impedance Matching -- 5.3.2 Planar-Antenna Coupling -- 5.3.3 Exemplary THz Coupling Structures -- 5.3.4 Output-Circuit Coupling -- 5.4 External Responsivity Examples -- 5.4.1 Rectifiers -- 5.4.2 Micro-Bolometers -- 5.5 System Metrics -- 5.5.1 Signal-to-Noise Ratio -- 5.5.2 Sensitivity Metrics -- 5.6 Effect of Amplifier Noise -- 5.7 A Survey of Experimental THz Detector Performance -- 5.7.1 Rectifiers -- 5.7.2 Thermal Detectors -- 5.7.3 CMOS-Based and Plasma-Wave Detectors -- References -- Chapter 6 THz Electronics -- 6.1 Resonant-Tunneling Diodes -- 6.1.1 Historic Introduction.

6.1.2 Operating Principles of RTDs -- 6.1.3 Charge-Relaxation Processes in RTDs -- 6.1.4 High-Frequency RTD Conductance -- 6.1.5 Operating Principles of RTD Oscillators -- 6.1.6 Limitations of RTD Oscillators -- 6.1.7 Overview of the State of the Art Results -- 6.1.8 RTD Oscillators versus Other Types of THz Sources -- 6.1.9 Future Perspectives -- 6.2 Schottky Diode Mixers: Fundamental and Harmonic Approaches -- 6.2.1 Sub-Harmonic Mixers -- 6.2.2 Circuit Fabrication Technologies -- 6.2.3 Characterization Technologies -- 6.2.4 Advanced Configuration Approach -- 6.2.5 Imaging Applications of Schottky Mixers -- 6.3 Solid-State THz Low Noise Amplifiers -- 6.3.1 Solid-State Active Devices and Technologies for Low Noise Amplification -- 6.3.2 Circuit and Propagation Issues for TMIC -- 6.3.3 Low Noise Amplifier Design and Realizations -- 6.3.4 Perspectives -- 6.4 Square-Law Detectors -- 6.4.1 Characterization and Modeling of Low-Barrier Schottky Diodes -- 6.4.2 Design of Millimeter-Wave Square-Law Detectors -- 6.5 Fabrication Technologies -- 6.5.1 Overview of Fabrication Approaches of Schottky Structures for\hb Millimeter-Wave Applications -- 6.5.2 Film-Diode Process -- References -- Chapter 7 Selected Photonic THz Technologies -- 7.1 Photonic Techniques for THz Emission and Detection -- 7.1.1 Overall Photonic System -- 7.1.2 Basic Components Description -- 7.1.3 Systems Parameters, Pulsed versus CW -- 7.2 Laser Sources for THz Generation -- 7.2.1 Pulsed Laser Sources -- 7.2.2 Continous Wave (CW) Sources -- 7.2.3 Noise Reduction Techniques -- 7.2.4 Photonic Integrated Laser Sources -- 7.3 Photodiode for THz Emission -- 7.3.1 PD Limitations and Key Parameters -- 7.3.2 Traveling Wave UTC-PD Solution -- 7.4 Photonically Enabled THz Detection -- 7.4.1 Pulsed Terahertz Systems -- 7.4.2 Optically Pumped Mixers.

7.5 Photonic Integration for THz Systems -- 7.5.1 Hybrid or Monolithic Integrations -- 7.5.2 Monolithic Integration of Subsystems -- 7.5.3 Foundry Model for Integrated Systems -- References -- Chapter 8 Selected Emerging THz Technologies -- 8.1 THz Resonators -- 8.1.1 Principles of Resonators -- 8.1.2 Introduction to WGM Resonators -- 8.1.3 Evanescent Waveguide Coupling to WGMs -- 8.1.4 Resonant Scattering in WGM Resonators -- 8.1.5 Nonlinear Interactions in WGM -- 8.2 Liquid Crystals -- 8.2.1 Introduction -- 8.2.2 Characterization -- 8.2.3 Applications -- 8.3 Graphene for THz Frequencies -- 8.3.1 Theory and Material Properties -- 8.3.2 Applications -- References -- Index -- Supplemental Images -- EULA.