Dedication -- Titlepage -- Copyright -- Contributors -- Preface -- About the Companion Website -- Part I: Introduction to Cardiac Ultrasound Imaging -- Chapter 1: Ultrasound Physics -- Physics and technology of echocardiography -- Ultrasound technology and image characteristics -- Doppler imaging -- References -- Chapter 2: Instrumentation, Patient Preparation, and Patient Safety -- Introduction -- Structure and organization -- Patient preparation and safety -- Sedation -- Examinations and procedures -- Research protocols -- Telemedicine -- Indications/reporting/billing -- IAC accreditation -- Quality improvement -- References -- Chapter 3: Segmental Approach to Congenital Heart Disease -- Segmental analysis of congenital heart disease -- Step-by-step segmental analysis -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: The Normal Pediatric Echocardiogram -- Examination principles -- Standard orthogonal imaging views -- Additional or supplemental imaging views -- Measurements -- Reporting -- Videos -- References -- Part II: Quantitative Methods -- Chapter 5: Structural Measurements and Adjustments for Growth -- Introduction -- Allometric modeling -- Physiologic principles underlying cardiovascular dimensions -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Hemodynamic Measurements -- Introduction -- Blood flow and its assessment by Doppler echocardiography -- Hemodynamic assessment of flow through prosthetic valves -- Acknowledgment -- Videos -- References -- Chapter 7: Systolic Ventricular Function -- Introduction -- The mechanics of cardiac systolic function -- Fiber organization and wall mechanics -- Cardiac function at the ventricular level -- Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular systolic function -- Systolic function derived from dimensional changes -- Blood pool Doppler indices of ventricular function.

Deformation imaging in pediatric and congenital heart disease -- Clinical applications of myocardial deformation imaging in the assessment of LV function -- Summary: Echocardiographic assessment of LV function in practice -- The echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular function -- RV functional parameters -- Doppler indices: the myocardial performance index -- Tissue Doppler and myocardial deformation imaging -- Right ventricular dyssynchrony and ventricular-ventricular interactions -- Summary: Echocardiographic assessment of RV function -- Conclusion -- Videos -- References -- Appendix: The Functional Protocol at The Hospital for Sick Children -- Chapter 8: Diastolic Ventricular Function Assessment -- Introduction -- Definition and physiology of diastole -- Echocardiographic techniques for assessing diastolic function -- Diastolic disease -- Diastolic function in pediatric patients without heart disease -- Diastolic disease in pediatric patients with primary myocardial disease -- Pediatric patients with acquired heart disease/systemic disease states -- Pediatric patients with congenital heart disease -- Strategy for the echocardiographic assessment of diastolic function in children -- Conclusions -- References -- Part III: Anomalies of the Systemic and Pulmonary Veins, Septa, and Atrioventricular Junction -- Chapter 9: Pulmonary Venous Anomalies -- Definition -- Incidence -- Etiology -- Morphology and classification -- Pathophysiology -- Imaging -- Videos -- References -- Chapter 10: Systemic Venous Anomalies -- Introduction -- Prevalence -- Etiology and embryology -- SVC and coronary sinus -- IVC and hepatic veins -- Superior vena caval anomalies -- Inferior vena caval anomalies -- Hepatic vein anomalies -- Coronary sinus anomalies -- Innominate vein anomalies -- Videos -- References -- Chapter 11: Anomalies of the Atrial Septum.

Definition -- Incidence -- Etiology -- Morphology and classification -- Pathophysiology -- Imaging -- Videos -- References -- Chapter 12: Ventricular Septal Defects -- Definition -- Incidence -- Etiology -- Morphology and classification -- Pathophysiology -- Imaging -- Acknowledgment -- Videos -- References -- Chapter 13: Ebstein Anomaly, Tricuspid Valve Dysplasia, and Right Atrial Anomalies -- Introduction and incidence -- Morphology and development -- Pathophysiology -- Clinical presentation -- Associated features with Ebstein anomaly -- Imaging -- Tricuspid valve dysplasia -- Systemic venous valves and right atrial anomalies -- Videos -- References -- Chapter 14: Mitral Valve and Left Atrial Anomalies -- Definitions -- Incidence -- Etiology -- Morphology and classification -- Pathophysiology -- Imaging -- Videos -- References -- Chapter 15: Common Atrioventricular Canal Defects -- Definition -- Incidence -- Etiology -- Morphology and classification -- Pathophysiology -- Imaging -- Acknowledgments -- Videos -- References -- Part IV: Anomalies of the Ventriculo-arterial Junction and Great Arteries -- Chapter 16: Anomalies of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract and Pulmonary Valve -- Malformation of the pulmonary valve -- Subpulmonary stenosis, including double-chambered right ventricle -- Absent pulmonary valve with intact ventricular septum -- Main pulmonary artery stenosis -- Videos -- References -- Chapter 17: Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum -- Definition -- Historical background -- Incidence -- Etiology -- Morphology -- Pathophysiology -- Treatment -- Imaging -- Videos -- References -- Chapter 18: Abnormalities of the Ductus Arteriosus and Pulmonary Arteries -- Abnormalities of the ductus arteriosus -- Abnormalities of the pulmonary arteries -- Videos -- References.

Chapter 19: Anomalies of the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract and Aortic Valve -- Definitions -- Incidence -- Etiology -- Subaortic stenosis -- Aortic valve stenosis -- Supravalvar aortic stenosis -- Bicuspid (bicommissural) aortic valve -- Aortic cusp prolapse -- Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm -- Aortico-left ventricular tunnel -- False tendons -- Acknowledgement -- Videos -- References -- Chapter 20: Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome -- Definition -- Incidence and associated anomalies -- Etiology -- Morphology and classification -- Pathophysiology -- Management -- Imaging -- Videos -- References -- Chapter 21: Aortic Arch Anomalies: Coarctation of the Aorta and Interrupted Aortic Arch -- Coarctation of the aorta -- Interrupted aortic arch -- Acknowledgment -- Videos -- References -- Chapter 22: Tetralogy of Fallot -- Definition -- Incidence -- Embryology, genetics, and environmental factors -- Morphology -- Imaging -- Videos -- References -- Chapter 23: Truncus Arteriosus and Aortopulmonary Window -- Truncus arteriosus -- Aortopulmonary window -- Videos -- References -- Chapter 24: Transposition of the Great Arteries -- Definition -- Incidence -- Etiology -- Morphology and classification -- Pathophysiology -- Imaging -- Videos -- References -- Chapter 25: Double-Outlet Ventricle -- Introduction -- Double-outlet right ventricle -- Double-outlet left ventricle -- Videos -- References -- Chapter 26: Physiologically "Corrected" Transposition of the Great Arteries -- Definition -- Incidence -- Developmental considerations and etiology -- Morphology and classification -- Pathophysiology -- Imaging -- Perioperative assessment -- Follow-up -- Acknowledgement -- Videos -- References -- Part V: Miscellaneous Cardiovascular Lesions -- Chapter 27: Hearts with Functionally One Ventricle -- Introduction -- Etiology -- Embryologic development.

Double-inlet left ventricle -- Double-inlet right ventricle -- Tricuspid atresia (TA) -- Superior-inferior ventricles and criss-cross heart -- Imaging of hearts with functionally one ventricle -- Videos -- References -- Chapter 28: Echocardiographic Assessment of Functionally Single Ventricles after the Fontan Operation -- Introduction -- The Fontan circulation -- The functional single ventricle in a Fontan circulation -- The pulmonary circulation limits cardiac output after the Fontan operation -- Fontan modifications -- Current strategy towards a Fontan circulation -- Echocardiographic assessment of the Fontan circulation -- Conclusion -- Videos -- References -- Chapter 29: Cardiac Malpositions and Heterotaxy Syndrome -- Cardiac malpositions -- Heterotaxy syndrome -- Videos -- References -- Chapter 30: Congenital Anomalies of the Coronary Arteries -- Definition -- Developmental considerations -- Normal coronary anatomy -- Physiology -- Echocardiographic features pertinent to all anomalies -- Congenital coronary artery anomalies -- Videos -- References -- Chapter 31: Vascular Rings and Slings -- Introduction -- Vascular rings -- Pulmonary artery sling -- Innominate artery compression syndrome -- Videos -- References -- Chapter 32: Connective Tissue Disorders -- Introduction -- Cardiovascular lesions -- Conclusion -- Videos -- References -- Chapter 33: Cardiac Tumors -- Introduction -- Incidence -- Rhabdomyoma -- Fibroma -- Teratoma -- Myxoma -- Hemangioma -- Malignant cardiac tumors -- Association with syndromes -- Videos -- References -- Part VI: Anomalies of Ventricular Myocardium -- Chapter 34: Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Myocarditis, and Heart Transplantation -- Introduction -- Dilated cardiomyopathy -- Myocarditis -- Heart transplantation -- Imaging -- Conclusion -- Videos -- References -- Chapter 35: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy -- Introduction.

HCM prevalence, etiology and genetics.