Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Contributors -- Dedications -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Foundation knowledge in forensic odontology -- Introduction -- A short history of forensic odontology -- Forensic odontology in Australia -- Forensic odontology in New Zealand -- Working as an odontologist -- References -- Chapter 2 Jurisprudence and forensic practice -- Legal systems and the healthcare community -- Types of law -- The coronial system -- The investigators within the coroner's jurisdiction -- Court procedures and the expert medical witness -- Long-term preparation -- Medium-term preparation -- Short-term preparation -- Logistics of appearing as a witness -- Refreshing memory -- Revision of medical knowledge -- Medico-legal analysis -- Pre-trial conference -- Entering the court -- Conversations outside the court -- Appearance and behaviour -- Report writing -- Reference -- Recommended reading -- Chapter 3 Anatomy and morphology -- Dental anatomy and morphology -- Morphogenetic fields -- Additional teeth -- Hypodontia -- Shape anomalies -- Peg lateral incisors -- General head and neck anatomy -- Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) -- Infratemporal fossa -- Pterygopalatine fossa -- Mandibular nerve -- Salivary glands -- Oral cavity -- Blood supply and lymphatic drainage of the orodental tissues -- Osteology of the juvenile and adult craniofacial complex -- Neurocranium -- Frontal bone -- Parietal bone -- Occipital bone -- Temporal bone -- Sphenoid bone -- Viscerocranium -- Zygomatic bone -- Lacrimal bone -- Ethmoid bone -- Inferior nasal concha -- Vomer bone -- Nasal bone -- Maxilla -- Palatine -- Mandible -- References -- Chapter 4 Forensic pathology -- The role of the forensic pathologist -- The medico-legal autopsy -- Post-mortem changes in the deceased -- Decomposition -- Radiological examination -- External examination -- Head -- Trunk.

Limbs -- Internal examination -- The face, head and neck -- The thorax -- The abdomen and pelvis -- The genitalia -- The limbs -- Post-autopsy procedures -- Injuries -- Classification of injuries -- Injury interpretation -- Injury and cause of death -- References -- Recommended reading -- Chapter 5 Human identification -- Human identification -- We have the right to our name when we die -- Methods of identification -- Human dentition -- Teeth: the last tissue to disintegrate -- Role of the primary identifiers -- Visual -- Fingerprints -- DNA -- Medical and anthropological -- Ante-mortem dental data -- Dental records or dental data? -- Dental prostheses -- Oral implants -- Orthodontics -- Radiographic images: facial sinuses and anatomical features within the bone -- Superimposition -- Facial reconstruction -- Standards for acceptance of identification -- References -- Chapter 6 Mortuary techniques -- The dental post-mortem -- What is the purpose of the dental post-mortem? -- Components of a dental post-mortem -- Location -- Facilities -- Equipment - basic requirements -- Ventilation -- Lighting -- Examination table -- Oral health and safety - personal protection -- Head hair -- Face -- Hands -- Body covering -- Footwear -- 'Tools of the trade' -- Photography -- Capture device (camera and lens/es) and media -- Producing and processing images -- Organising images -- Using images -- Backup -- Archiving -- Depth of field -- Fragments and single teeth -- Radiographic equipment -- CT scanning equipment -- Teeth for DNA analysis -- The 'what and how' -- Organisation -- Permissions -- Examination and recording of the findings -- The investigative examination -- The identification examination -- Detail -- Written observations and charting -- Recording of the findings -- Stress -- Legibility -- Language -- Errors -- Abbreviations -- Transcription -- Charting.

Clinical notes -- Radiographic -- Tissue thicknesses -- Fragments and single teeth -- Radiation safety -- Photographic -- Impressions -- Age estimation -- Condition of the remains -- Complete body or a partial set of remains? -- Incomplete and/or fragmented? -- Are all the teeth and bone sections present? -- Skeletal remains -- Incinerated remains -- Decomposed remains -- Mummification -- Immersion -- Procedure - putting it all together -- Initial examination -- Photographic and radiographic examination -- Access and reflection -- Intact skulls and mandible -- Fragmented skulls and mandible -- Reflection technique -- Floor of the mouth and tongue -- Access the maxilla and the oral cavity -- Resection -- Bite mark and other pattern recording -- Reporting recording of results -- Reports -- Summary -- Reference -- Chapter 7 Age assessment -- Introduction -- Some history of age assessment -- A brief review of dental development -- Developments in dental-age assessment -- Current age-estimation methods -- Australasian specific research in dental age estimation -- Concluding remarks -- References -- Chapter 8 Bite marks -- Introduction -- Describing bite marks -- Bite marks are physical evidence -- Class characteristics -- Individual characteristics -- Anatomical locations of bite marks -- Types of bite marks -- Not everything is a bite mark -- Conclusions based on the description of the injury -- The process of biting and how it relates to bite marks -- The individuality of the dentition and its transfer to the bite mark -- The individuality of the human dentition -- Accuracy of transfer of dental features to bitten tissues -- Imaging in bite mark cases -- Avoiding distortions due to perspective -- Avoiding distortions due to parallax -- Photographic lighting -- File format for image files -- Using alternative light sources.

Imaging the dental casts for comparison -- A note on the use of the ABFO No 2 bite mark scale -- Undertaking the case -- Case selection -- The clinical appointments -- Bite mark analysis -- Bite mark comparison -- Presenting bite mark evidence in court -- Sources of potential distortion and error in bite mark cases -- Distortions due to tissue properties and movement of a bitten body part -- Distortions due to evidence collection -- Distortions due to poor imaging -- Potentially controllable variables -- Potentially uncontrollable variables -- Limitations of bite mark analysis and reporting the outcomes of bite mark comparisons -- Can we determine the age of the biter from the injury arch dimensions? -- Can we visually age bite marks? -- Swabbing for DNA -- Materials required -- Method -- Conclusion -- Future directions -- References -- Chapter 9 Forensic odontology in disaster victim identification -- Disasters and disaster planning -- Disaster victim identification -- DVI planning and organisation -- DVI and forensic odontology -- Forensic odontology DVI planning -- DVI operations -- DVI documentation -- Health and safety during DVI operations -- DVI phase 1: the Scene phase -- The role of the forensic odontologist at the scene -- Human remains at the scene -- Recovery of remains -- DVI phase 2: the Post-mortem phase -- Mortuary -- Post-mortem process -- Personal property and effects documentation -- Skin friction ridge analysis -- Forensic pathology examination -- Post-mortem radiography -- Post-mortem DNA -- Anthropology -- Post-mortem odontology examination -- Radiology and photography -- Teeth for DNA -- Age assessment -- Odontology quality review -- Staffing in the mortuary -- Equipment and PPE in the mortuary -- DVI phase 3: the Ante-mortem phase -- Missing persons database (list) -- Ante-mortem data collection.

Ante-mortem skin friction ridge records -- Ante-mortem DNA -- Ante-mortem dental records -- Ante-mortem equipment -- DVI phase 4: the Reconciliation phase -- Skin friction ridge comparison (reconciliation) -- DNA reconciliation -- Odontology reconciliation -- Detailed reconciliation -- Formalisation of identification -- DVI phase 5: the Debrief -- Administrative arrangements and information management -- DVI and the people -- Forensic odontology team organisation -- Responsibilities -- References -- Chapter 10 Forensic anthropology -- The scope of forensic anthropology -- Assessment of ancestry -- Importance of assessment of ancestry -- Approaches -- Tooth size and non-metric traits -- Assessment of sex -- Approaches -- Sexual dimorphism in the dentition -- Sexual dimorphism in juveniles -- Assessment of age -- Methods of ageing juvenile and young adults (30 years) -- Comparative anatomy -- Historical remains -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11 Applied forensic sciences -- Introduction -- Crime scene protocols -- Forensic entomology -- Forensic microbial aquatic taphonomy -- The use of energy-dispersive spectroscopy in forensic investigations -- References -- Chapter 12 Odontology opinions -- Introduction -- General principles -- Types of opinions -- Identification of dental structures -- Injuries sustained to the teeth or other oral structures -- Injuries caused by teeth -- Child abuse -- Anatomical/morphometric comparisons -- Age estimation -- Tooth selection and sampling for DNA -- Oral pathology -- Dental malpractice -- Report writing -- References -- Chapter 13 Forensic odontology management -- Introduction -- Administration -- Education -- Research -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14 Application of post-mortem computed tomography to forensic odontology -- Introduction.

Computed tomography and medico-legal death investigation.