Cover -- Front Matter -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- 1 Where the Bucks Stop: A Case for Intermediate-Scale Grants -- 2 Tackling Grand Challenges with Powerful Technologies -- PART I INFECTIOUS DISEASES -- 3 The Application of Mathematical Models in Infectious Disease Research -- 4 Expanding the Worldwide Influenza Surveillance System and Improving the Selection of Strains for Vaccines -- 5 Addressing Emerging Infectious Diseases, Food Safety, and Bioterrorism: Common Themes -- 6 Laboratory Firepower for AIDS Research -- 7 Input/Output of High-Throughput Biology: Experience of the National Center for Biotechnology Information -- 8 Applications of Modern Technology to Emerging Viral Infections and Vaccine Development -- 9 Next Steps in the Global Surveillance for Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance -- 10 Antibiotic Discovery by Microarray-Based Gene Response Profiling -- 11 Sequencing Influenza A from the 1918 Pandemic, Investigating Its Virulence, and Averting Future Outbreaks -- PART II FOOD SUPPLY -- 12 Ensuring Safe Food: An Organizational Perspective -- 13 Foodborne Pathogen and Toxin Diagnostics: Current Methods and Needs Assessment from Surveillance, Outbreak Response, and Bioterrorism Preparedness Perspectives1 -- 14 Food Safety: Data Needs for Risk Assessment -- PART III BIOTERRORISM AND BIOWARFARE -- 15 Biological Weapons: Past, Present, and Future -- 16 National Innovation to Combat Catastrophic Terrorism -- 17 Flow Cytometry Analysis Techniques for High-Throughput Biodefense Research -- 18 Forensic Perspective on Bioterrorism and the Proliferation of Bioweapons -- 19 Biological Warfare Scenarios -- PART IV FURTHER APPLICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES -- 20 Integration of New Technologies in the Future of the Biological Sciences -- 21 New Standards and Approaches for Integrating Instruments into Laboratory Automation Systems.

22 High-Throughput Sequencing, Information Generation, and the Future of Biology -- 23 Summary and Next Steps -- APPENDIXES -- APPENDIX A CONTRIBUTORS -- APPENDIX B AUTOMATION IN THREAT REDUCTION AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE RESEARCH NEEDS AND NEW DIRECTIONS Agenda of the April 1999 Colloquium -- INDEX.