ENERGY STORAGE IN POWER SYSTEMS -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- 1 An Introduction to Modern Power Systems -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The Smart Grid Architecture Model -- 1.3 The Electric Power System -- 1.3.1 The Structure of the Power System -- 1.3.2 The Fundamentals of Power System Analysis -- 1.4 Energy Management Systems -- 1.5 Computational Techniques -- 1.5.1 Optimization Methods and Optimal Power Flow -- 1.5.2 Security-Constrained Optimal Power Flow -- 1.6 Microgrids -- 1.7 The Regulation of the Electricity System and the Electrical Markets -- 1.8 Exercise: A Load-Flow Algorithm with Gauss-Seidel -- 2 Generating Systems Based on Renewable Power -- 2.1 Renewable Power Systems -- 2.1.1 Wind Power Systems -- 2.1.2 Solar Photovoltaic Power Systems -- 2.2 Renewable Power Generation Technologies -- 2.2.1 Renewable Power Generation Technology Based on Rotative Electrical Generators -- 2.2.2 Wind Turbine Technology -- 2.2.3 Photovoltaic Power Plants -- 2.3 Grid Code Requirements -- 2.4 Conclusions -- 3 Frequency Support Grid Code Requirements for Wind Power Plants -- 3.1 A Review of European Grid Codes Regarding Participation in Frequency Control -- 3.1.1 Nomenclature and the Definition of Power Reserves -- 3.1.2 The Deployment Sequence of Power Reserves for Frequency Control -- 3.1.3 A Detailed View on the Requirements for WPPs in the Irish Grid Code -- 3.1.4 A Detailed View on the Requirements for WPPs in the UK Grid Code -- 3.1.5 Future Trends Regarding the Provision of Primary Reserves and Synthetic Inertia by WPPs -- 3.2 Participation Methods for WPPs with Regard to Primary Frequency Control and Synthetic Inertia -- 3.2.1 Deloading Methods of Wind Turbines for Primary Frequency Control -- 3.2.2 Synthetic Inertia -- 3.3 Conclusions -- 4 Energy Storage Technologies -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Description of the Technology.

4.2.1 Pumped Hydroelectric Storage (PHS) -- 4.2.2 Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) -- 4.2.3 Conventional Batteries and Flow Batteries -- 4.2.4 The Hydrogen-Based Energy Storage System (HESS) -- 4.2.5 The Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS) -- 4.2.6 Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) -- 4.2.7 The Supercapacitor Energy Storage System -- 4.2.8 Notes on Other Energy Storage Systems -- 4.3 Power Conversion Systems for Electrical Storage -- 4.3.1 Application: Electric Power Systems -- 4.3.2 Other Applications I: The Field of Electromobility -- 4.3.3 Other Applications II: Buildings -- 4.3.4 The Battery Management System (BMS) -- 4.4 Conclusions -- 5 Cost Models and Economic Analysis -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 A Cost Model for Storage Technologies -- 5.2.1 The Capital Costs -- 5.2.2 Operating and Maintenance Costs -- 5.2.3 Replacement Costs -- 5.2.4 End-of-Life Costs -- 5.2.5 The Synthesis of a Cost Model -- 5.3 An Example of an Application -- 5.3.1 The Collection of Data for Evaluation of the Cost Model -- 5.3.2 Analysis of the Results -- 5.4 Conclusions -- 6 Modeling, Control, and Simulation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Modeling of Storage Technologies: A General Approach Orientated to Simulation Objectives -- 6.3 The Modeling and Control of the Grid-Side Converter -- 6.3.1 Modeling -- 6.3.2 Control -- 6.4 The Modeling and Control of Storage-Side Converters and Storage Containers -- 6.4.1 Supercapacitors and DC-DC Converters -- 6.4.2 Secondary Batteries and DC-DC Converters -- 6.4.3 Flywheels and AC-DC Converters -- 6.5 An Example of an Application: Discharging Storage Installations Following Various Control Rules -- 6.5.1 Input Data -- 6.5.2 Discharge (Charge) Modes for Supercapacitors -- 6.5.3 Discharge (Charge) Modes for Batteries -- 6.5.4 Discharge (Charge) Modes for Flywheels -- 6.6 Conclusions.

7 Short-Term Applications of Energy Storage Installations in the Power System -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 A Description of Short-Term Applications -- 7.2.1 Fluctuation Suppression -- 7.2.2 Low-Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) -- 7.2.3 Voltage Control Support -- 7.2.4 Oscillation Damping -- 7.2.5 Primary Frequency Control -- 7.3 An Example of Fluctuation Suppression: Flywheels for Wind Power Smoothing -- 7.3.1 The Problem of Wind Power Smoothing -- 7.3.2 Optimal Operation of the Flywheel for Wind Power Smoothing -- 7.3.3 The Design of the High-Level Energy Management Algorithm for the Flywheel -- 7.3.4 Experimental Validation -- 7.4 Conclusions -- 8 Mid- and Long-Term Applications of Energy Storage Installations in the Power System -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 A Description of Mid- and Long-Term Applications -- 8.2.1 Load Following -- 8.2.2 Peak Shaving -- 8.2.3 Transmission Curtailment -- 8.2.4 Time Shifting -- 8.2.5 Unit Commitment -- 8.2.6 Seasonal Storage -- 8.3 Example: The Sizing of Batteries for Load Following in an Isolated Power System with PV Generation -- 8.3.1 Step 1: Typical Load and PV Generation Profiles -- 8.3.2 Step 2: The Voltage Level of the Battery Bank -- 8.3.3 Step 3: The Typical Daily Current Demand for the Battery Bank -- 8.3.4 Step 4: The Number of Days of Autonomy -- 8.3.5 Step 5: The Total Daily Demand for the Battery Bank -- 8.3.6 Step 6: The Capacity of the Battery -- 8.3.7 Step 7: The Number of Cells in Series -- 8.3.8 Step 8: The Number of Parallel Strings of Cells in Series -- 8.3.9 Step 9: Check the Admissible Momentary Current for the Battery Cells -- 8.3.10 Step 10: The Maximum Charge and Discharge Currents for the Battery Bank Considering PV Generation -- 8.3.11 Step 11: The Selection of Power Inverters -- 8.4 Conclusions -- References -- Index -- EULA.