Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- About the Authors -- About the Reviewers -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview -- 1.1 Introduction to the Professional Specialty of Agricultural Medicine (Agricultural Safety and Health) -- 1.2 Terminology and Definitions -- 1.3 What is an Agricultural Health and Safety Professional? -- 1.3.1 The Primary Care Physician, Nurse, Allied Health Professionals, and Veterinary Practitioners -- 1.3.2 The Full-time Agricultural Health and Safety Specialist -- 1.4 Training of Agricultural Health Practitioners and Agriculture Health and Safety Specialists -- 1.4.1 Training for Healthcare Practitioners -- 1.4.2 Training Full-time Agriculture Health and Safety Specialists -- 1.5 Demographics of the Agricultural Workforce -- 1.6 The Evolution of Production Agricultural, Workforce, and Types of Farms -- 1.6.1 Family Farms -- 1.6.2 Principal Operator -- 1.6.3 Farm Family Members -- 1.6.4 Farm Workers -- 1.6.5 Indigenous Farm Workers -- 1.6.6 Migrant and Seasonal Farm Workers -- 1.6.7 Large Farms and Industrial-style Farms -- 1.6.8 Family Corporations -- 1.7 Other Occupations Exposed to the Agricultural Environment -- 1.8 General Health Status of the Agricultural Population -- 1.9 Occupational Health Status of the Agricultural Workforce -- 1.10 Occupational Injury and Illness Statistics -- 1.11 Persistent and Emerging Megatrends in Agriculture: Health-Safety Implications -- 1.12 A Preview of Specific Occupational Health and Safety Risks and Conditions -- 1.12.1 Special Risk Populations in Agriculture (Chapter 2) -- 1.12.2 Agricultural Respiratory Conditions (Chapter 3) -- 1.12.3 Agricultural Skin Diseases (Chapter 4) -- 1.12.4 Cancer in Agricultural Populations (Chapter 5) -- 1.12.5 Toxicology of Pesticides (Chapter 6) -- 1.12.6 General Environmental Health Hazards in Agriculture (Chapter 7).

1.12.7 Musculoskeletal Diseases in Agriculture (Chapter 8) -- 1.12.8 Physical Factors Affecting Health (Chapter 9) -- 1.12.9 Mental, Social, and Behavioral Health in Agriculture (Chapter 10) -- 1.12.10 Acute Agricultural Injuries (Chapter 11) -- 1.12.11 Human Health Hazards of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals (Chapter 12) -- 1.12.12 Agricultural and Rural Zoonotic and Emerging Infectious Diseases (Chapter 13) -- 1.12.13 Prevention of Illness and Injury in Agricultural Populations (Chapter 15) -- 1.12.14 Agricultural Health and Safety Organizations -- 1.13 Summary -- References -- Chapter 2 Special Risk Populations in Agricultural Communities -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Women in Agriculture -- 2.2.1 Work Exposures/Risk Factors for Farm Women -- 2.2.2 Prevention -- 2.3 Youths in Agriculture -- 2.3.1 Work Exposures/Risks Factors -- 2.3.2 Prevention -- 2.3.3 Going Beyond Awareness-level Education Aimed at Farm Youths -- 2.4 Elderly Farmers -- 2.4.1 Work Exposures/Risks -- 2.4.2 Recommendations for Prevention -- 2.5 Migrant and Seasonal Farm Workers -- 2.5.1 Work Exposures/Risks -- 2.5.2 Prevention and Protection of MSFWs -- 2.6 Old-order Anabaptists -- 2.6.1 Work Exposures/Risks -- 2.6.2 Effects and Special Considerations for Treatment of Injuries -- 2.6.3 Other General Health Concerns -- 2.6.4 Recommendations for Prevention -- References -- Chapter 3 Agricultural Respiratory Diseases -- 3.1 Introduction and Overview -- 3.1.1 Introduction to Respiratory Hazards in Agriculture -- 3.1.2 Respiratory Responses to Inhaled Agricultural Substances -- 3.2 Agricultural Structures and Respiratory Hazards -- 3.2.1 Introduction -- 3.2.2 Feed Grain, Silage, and Other Commodity-storage Structures -- 3.2.3 Fruit and Root Storage Structures -- 3.2.4 Livestock and Poultry Housing and Processing Plants -- 3.2.5 Sheep and Dairy Cattle Housing -- 3.2.6 Conventional Chicken Coops.

3.2.7 Poultry- and Meat-Processing Plants -- 3.2.8 Equipment and Supply Buildings on Farms -- 3.3 Agricultural Dusts -- 3.3.1 Introduction -- 3.3.2 Mechanisms of Agricultural Dust Toxicity -- 3.3.3 Occupational Respiratory Diseases and Conditions Caused by Agricultural Dust Exposures -- 3.3.4 Risk Variables for Agricultural Dust-related Respiratory Diseases -- 3.3.5 Clinical Aspects of Agricultural Dust-related Respiratory Diseases -- 3.4 Confined Animal Feeding Operations and Respiratory Disease Hazards -- 3.4.1 Introduction -- 3.4.2 What Toxic Dusts and Gases are found in Confinement Houses? -- 3.4.3 Who is Exposed to CAFO Dusts and Gases, and When? -- 3.4.4 How Commonly Does Excessive Exposure Occur? -- 3.4.5 Respiratory Effects of Inhaling Confinement House Dusts and Gases -- 3.4.6 Diagnosis -- 3.4.7 Treatment -- 3.5 Oxides of Nitrogen ("Silo Gas") -- 3.5.1 Introduction -- 3.5.2 Oxides of Nitrogen on the Farm -- 3.5.3 When are Farmers Exposed to NOx? -- 3.5.4 How is NOx Detected? -- 3.5.5 How Common are Farmer Exposures to NOx? -- 3.5.6 Respiratory Effects of Oxides of Nitrogen -- 3.5.7 Diagnosis -- 3.5.8 Treatment -- 3.5.9 Prevention of Silo Filler's Disease -- 3.6 Applied Agricultural Chemicals -- 3.6.1 Prevention of Agricultural Chemical-induced Respiratory Problems -- 3.7 Zoonotic Infections Causing Respiratory Disease -- 3.8 General Preventive Measures for Agricultural Respiratory Illnesses -- 3.8.1 General Strategies for Prevention of Agricultural Dust-induced Illnesses -- 3.8.2 Emission Control -- 3.8.3 Work Environment Air-quality Assessment -- 3.8.4 Remove Dust from the Air -- 3.8.5 Use of Respirators -- 3.8.6 Reassign Jobs to Protect Vulnerable Individuals -- 3.8.7 Education of Owner/Operators and Workers -- 3.8.8 Medical Monitoring -- 3.8.9 Smoking Cessation -- 3.8.10 Prevention of Occupational Illnesses in CAFO-exposed Workers.

References -- Chapter 4 Agricultural Skin Diseases -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Contact Dermatitis -- 4.3 Clinical Picture of Contact Dermatitis -- 4.4 Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Contact Dermatitis -- 4.5 Agents causing Contact Dermatitis in Agricultural Settings -- 4.5.1 Pesticide-induced Dermatitis -- 4.5.2 Other Chemicals Related to Dermatitis -- 4.5.3 Animal-related Skin Dermatitis -- 4.5.4 Plant-induced Contact Dermatitis -- 4.5.5 Treatment of Contact Dermatitis -- 4.5.6 Prevention of Contact Dermatitis -- 4.6 Infectious Dermatitis -- 4.7 Arthropod-induced Dermatitis -- 4.7.1 Hymenoptera Stings (Bees and Wasps) -- 4.7.2 Arachnids (Mites and Spiders) -- 4.7.3 Spiders -- 4.7.4 Scorpions -- 4.7.5 Lepidoptera Species (Catapillars) -- 4.7.6 Treatment of Arthropod Dermatoses -- 4.8 Sunlight-induced Dermatoses -- 4.8.1 Acute Sun-induced Skin Disorders -- 4.8.2 Chronic Sun-induced Skin Disorders -- 4.8.3 Skin Cancer -- 4.8.4 Prevention of Sun-induced Skin Disorders -- 4.9 Skin Disorders Related to Heat, Cold, and Humidity -- 4.9.1 Heat-induced Dermatoses -- 4.9.2 Cold-related Skin Disorders -- References -- Chapter 5 Cancer in Agricultural Populations -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Epidemiology of Cancer in Farm Populations -- 5.1.2 Trends -- 5.1.3 Mechanisms of Causation: Protective Factors and Risk Factors -- 5.1.4 Mechanisms of Cancer Causation -- 5.1.5 Known and Potential Cancer Agents in Farming Populations -- 5.1.6 Animal Exposures as Possible Cancer Hazards -- 5.1.7 Pesticides as Potential Carcinogens -- 5.1.8 Details of Epidemiology and Agricultural Risk Factors for Specific Cancer Types -- 5.1.9 Cancer in Special Agricultural Populations -- 5.1.10 Social Medicine Aspects of Cancers in Farmers -- 5.1.11 Prevention of Cancer in Farm Populations -- 15.2 Summary -- References -- Chapter 6 Health Effects of Agricultural Pesticides.

6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Definition of Pesticides -- 6.3 History and Risk Communication -- 6.4 Pesticides: Classes, Subclasses, and Relative Toxicity -- 6.5 How Farmers, Agricultural Workers, and Agriculture-associated Workers are Exposed to Pesticides -- 6.6 The Risk of Pesticide Poisonings -- 6.7 Insecticides: Usage, Acute Toxicity Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment -- 6.7.1 Organochlorines -- 6.7.2 Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Acute OCL Poisoning -- 6.7.3 Diagnostic Aids for OCL Exposures -- 6.7.4 General Principles of Pesticide-poisoning Treatment -- 6.7.5 Specific Treatment of OCL Poisoning -- 6.7.6 Cholinesterase-inhibiting Insecticides (Organophosphates and Carbamates) -- 6.7.7 Acute Symptoms of OP and CB Toxicity -- 6.7.8 Diagnostic Aids for OP and CB Poisoning -- 6.7.9 Treatment of OP and CB Poisoning -- 6.7.10 Pyrethrum, Pyrethrin, and Pyrethroid Insecticides -- 6.7.11 Treatment of Acute Toxicity with Pyrethroid Insecticides -- 6.7.12 Neonicotinoid Insecticides -- 6.7.13 Biological Insecticides -- 6.7.14 Other Insecticides -- 6.8 Herbicides: Usage, Acute Toxic Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Treatment -- 6.8.1 Phenolic Compounds -- 6.8.2 Chlorophenoxy Compounds -- 6.8.3 Arsenicals -- 6.8.4 Dipyridils (paraquat and diquat) -- 6.8.5 Organonitrogens -- 6.8.6 Phtalic Acid Herbicides -- 6.8.7 Propenal -- 6.8.8 Triazines -- 6.8.9 Phosphonates (e.g., glyphosate) -- 6.9 Fumigants: Usage, Acute Toxic Mechanisms and Treatment -- 6.10 Chronic Health Effects of Insecticides, Herbicides, and Fumigants -- 6.11 General Strategies for the Prevention of Pesticide Poisoning -- 6.11.1 Avoidance, Proper Storage, and Separation -- 6.11.2 Regulations and Enforcement -- 6.11.3 Hygienic Work Practices -- 6.11.4 Personal Protective Equipment -- 6.11.5 Medical Monitoring -- 6.11.6 Training -- 6.12 Summary -- References.

Chapter 7 General Environmental Hazards in Agriculture Communities.