Experiments on the diagnosis of the basic properties of the nervous system as Pavlov understood them: The forerunners of the regulative theory of temperament -- Diagnosis of the basic properties of the nervous system by means of questionnaires -- An outline of the regulative theory of temperament and the first stage of research on the functional role of temperament -- The regulative theory of temperament: a theoretical framework for temperament research at the turn of the twenty-first century -- The structure of temperament and a psychometric instrument with which to measure it -- Temperament as a moderator of stressful phenomena -- Temperament and extreme stress -- Research based on the behavior genetic paradigm conducted within the framework of the regulative theory of temperament.