Regimes of ethnicity: comparative analysis of Germany, Soviet Union, post-Soviet Russia, and Turkey -- The challenges to the monoethnic regime in Germany, 1955--1982 -- The construction of an assimilationist discourse and political hegemony: transition from a monoethnic to an antiethnic regime in Germany, 1982--2000 -- Challenges to the ethnicity regime in Turkey: Alevi and Kurdish demands for recognition, 1923--1980 -- From social democracy to Islamic multiculturalism: failed and successful attempts to reform the ethnicity regime in Turkey, 1980--2009 -- The nation that wasn't there? Sovetskii Narod discourse, nation-building, and passport ethnicity, 1953--1983 -- Ethnic diversity and state-building in post-Soviet Russia: removal of ethnicity from the internal passport and its aftermath, 1992--2008 -- Dynamics of persistence and change in ethnicity regimes.