Introduction : Legislature-Centric and Executive-Centric Theories of Party Systems and Faction Systems / Nathan F. Batto and Gary W. Cox -- The Consequences of MMM on Party Systems / Chi Huang, Ming-Feng Kuo, and Hans Stockton -- The Consequences of Constitutional Systems on Party Systems / Jih-wen Lin -- LDP Factions under SNTV and MMM / Yoshiaki Kobayashi and Hiroki Tsukiyama -- Executive Competition, Electoral Rules, and Faction Systems in Taiwan / Nathan F. Batto and Hsin-ta Huang -- Innovations in Candidate Selection Methods / Eric Chen-hua Yu, Kaori Shoji, and Nathan F. Batto -- Post Allocation, List Nominations, and Preelectoral Coalitions under MMM / Kuniaki Nemoto and Chia-hung Tsai -- Split-Ticket Voting under MMM / T.Y. Wang, Chang-chih Lin, and Yi-ching Hsiao -- Thailand and the Philippines under MMM / Allen Hicken -- Political Consequences of New Zealand's MMP System in Comparative Perspective / Matthew S. Shugart and Alexander C. Tan -- Presidents and Blank Votes in the Bolivian and Russian Mixed-Member Systems / Nathan F. Batto, Henry A. Kim, and Natalia Matukhno -- Conclusions : Mixed-Member Systems Embedded within Constitutional Systems / Chi Huang.