Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- References -- Introductory Perspective -- References -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Part I: Data -- Chapter 1: From Building Information Modelling to Digital Twins: Digital Representation for a Circular Economy -- 1.1 Building Information Modelling and Digital Twinning -- 1.1.1 BIM -- 1.1.2 Digital Twinning -- 1.1.3 Passports and Logbooks -- 1.2 BIM in the Built Environment -- 1.3 BIM and Digital Twinning for a Circular Economy -- 1.3.1 Registration of Relevant Information -- 1.3.2 Exploration of Circular Operations -- 1.3.3 Constraining Design, Construction and Operation -- 1.3.4 Life Cycle Registration and Guidance -- 1.4 Current Applications of BIM and Digital Twinning to Circularity -- 1.5 Business Models for BIM and Digital Twinning in a Circular Built Environment -- 1.6 Discussion -- 1.7 Key Takeaways -- References -- Chapter 2: Geographic Information Systems for Circular Cities and Regions -- 2.1 What Is GIS? -- 2.2 GIS in the Built Environment -- 2.3 GIS for a Circular Built Environment -- 2.4 Example Use Cases -- 2.4.1 Academia -- 2.4.1.1 Estimating Locations of Future Secondary Material Availability: From a Top-Down to a Bottom-Up Approach -- 2.4.1.2 Identifying Locations of Existing and Future Circular Facilities Using Spatial Analysis -- 2.4.1.3 Developing Circular City Information Infrastructures -- 2.4.2 Industry -- 2.4.2.1 Planning Reuse Infrastructures -- 2.4.2.2 Tracking and Tracing via Digital Platforms -- 2.4.2.3 Tracking in Reverse Logistics and Remanufacturing -- 2.4.3 Government -- 2.4.3.1 Project Zuid-Holland: Prioritising Industrial Land for the Circular Economy -- 2.4.3.2 The RePair Project: Geo-design Decision Support Environment for Circular Spatial Strategies -- 2.5 Discussion -- 2.5.1 Connecting to Other Technologies -- 2.5.2 Hurdles and Barriers.

2.5.3 Future Trends -- 2.6 Key Takeaways -- References -- Chapter 3: Digitising Building Materials for Reuse with Reality Capture and Scan-to-BIM Technologies -- 3.1 Scanning Technologies: An Overview -- 3.2 Scanning Technology in the Built Environment -- 3.3 Scanning Technology for a Circular Built Environment -- 3.4 Industrial Implementations of Scanning and Digitisation for a Circular Building Environment: Concular -- 3.5 Business Models for Scanning in a Circular Built Environment -- 3.6 Discussion -- 3.7 Key Takeaways -- References -- Chapter 4: Artificial Intelligence for Predicting Reuse Patterns -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Computer Vision and Machine Learning in the Built Environment -- 4.3 Computer Vision and Machine Learning for a Circular Economy -- 4.3.1 Narrowing the Loop -- 4.3.2 Slowing the Loop -- 4.3.3 Closing the Loop -- 4.3.4 Regenerating the Loop -- 4.4 An Example of Using Computer Vision for Mining Materials in Urban Settings -- 4.5 Business Models for Computer Vision and Machine Learning in a Circular Built Environment -- 4.6 Discussion -- 4.7 Key Takeaways -- References -- Chapter 5: From Data Templates to Material Passports and Digital Product Passports -- 5.1 Data Templates, Material Passports, and Digital Product Passports -- 5.1.1 Differences Between MPs and DPPs -- 5.1.2 Data Templates for MPs and DPPs -- 5.1.3 The Development of Passport Instruments -- 5.2 Passport Instruments in the Built Environment -- 5.2.1 MPs and Life Cycles -- 5.2.2 MPs and Digital Platforms -- 5.3 Passport Instruments for a Circular Economy -- 5.3.1 MP-Related Concepts -- 5.3.2 MPs for New and Existing Buildings -- 5.4 Examples from Research and Practice -- 5.4.1 Examples from Research -- 5.4.2 Examples from Practice -- 5.5 Business Models for Passport Instruments in a Circular Built Environment -- 5.6 Discussion -- 5.7 Key Takeaways -- References.

Part II: Design and Fabrication -- Chapter 6: Enabling Design for Circularity with Computational Tools -- 6.1 Computational Tools Enabling Design for Circularity -- 6.2 Computational Tools Across Scales of the Built Environment -- 6.3 Computational Tools for a Circular Economy -- 6.3.1 Required Flexible Inputs for CI Generation -- 6.3.2 Assessing Outputs in Early-Stage Design Changes -- 6.3.3 Circularity Indicators at the End-of-Use Phase -- 6.3.4 Circularity Databases -- 6.4 Examples of Computational Tools Enabling Design for Circularity -- 6.4.1 Madaster -- 6.4.2 One Click LCA -- 6.4.3 RhinoCircular -- 6.5 Discussion -- 6.6 Key Takeaways -- References -- Chapter 7: Additive Manufacturing for the Circular Built Environment: Towards Circular Construction with Earth-Based Materials -- 7.1 Introduction to Additive Manufacturing -- 7.2 Additive Manufacturing in the Built Environment -- 7.2.1 Materials -- 7.2.2 Machine Configurations for Additive Manufacturing -- 7.2.3 Computational Methods -- 7.2.4 Summary -- 7.3 Additive Manufacturing for a Circular Economy -- 7.3.1 Advantages -- 7.3.2 Additive Manufacturing in a Circular Built Environment -- 7.3.3 Summary -- 7.4 Case Studies -- 7.4.1 Introduction to 3D Printing with Earth -- 7.4.2 Digital Adobe: Prefabricated Components Manufactured Off-Site Using Recyclable Materials -- 7.4.3 TECLA: On-Site Construction Using Excavated Materials -- 7.4.4 TOVA: On-Site Construction with Excavated and Recyclable Materials -- 7.5 Discussion -- 7.6 Key Takeaways -- References -- Chapter 8: Cooperative Robotic Fabrication for a Circular Economy -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 What Is Cooperative Robotic Behaviour? -- 8.1.2 Broad Applications -- 8.2 Cooperative Robotic Fabrication in the Built Environment -- 8.2.1 CRF at the Material Scale -- 8.2.2 CRF at the Product Scale -- 8.2.3 CRF at the Building Scale.

8.3 Cooperative Robotic Fabrication for a Circular Economy -- 8.3.1 Narrow -- 8.3.2 Slow -- 8.3.3 Close -- 8.3.4 Future Applications -- 8.4 Examples of Cooperative Robotic Fabrication for a Circular Economy -- 8.4.1 LightVault -- 8.4.2 Remote Robotic Assemblies Workshop -- 8.4.3 ZeroWaste -- 8.5 Discussion -- 8.6 Key Takeaways -- References -- Chapter 9: Circular Robotic Construction -- 9.1 What Is Robotic Construction? -- 9.2 Robotic Construction for the Built Environment -- 9.3 Robotic Construction for a Circular Economy -- 9.4 Examples of in Situ Circular Robotic Construction -- 9.4.1 Robotic Construction of Jammed Architectural Structures (JAS) from Bulk Material -- 9.4.2 Robotic Earthworks with Local and Upcycled Materials -- 9.4.3 Robotic Additive Manufacturing with Earth-Based Materials -- 9.5 Discussion -- 9.6 Key Takeaways -- References -- Chapter 10: Extended Reality as a Catalyst for Circular Economy Transition in the Built Environment -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Need for XR -- 10.1.2 Components of XR System -- 10.1.3 Working Principle of an XR System -- 10.1.4 Types of XR Systems -- 10.2 Existing XR Applications in the Built Environment Life Cycle -- 10.2.1 Design Phase -- 10.2.2 Construction Phase -- 10.2.3 Operations and End-of-Life -- 10.3 Leveraging XR for Circular Strategies -- 10.3.1 Regenerate -- 10.3.2 Narrow -- 10.3.3 Slow -- 10.3.4 Close -- 10.4 Circular Economy Examples of XR in Construction Practice -- 10.4.1 Collaborative Visualisation of Design -- 10.4.2 Construction Production Control Rooms -- 10.4.3 Construction AR -- 10.5 Discussion -- 10.6 Key Takeaways -- References -- Part III: Business and Governance -- Chapter 11: Digital Technology Use Cases for Deconstruction and Reverse Logistics -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Reverse Supply Chains in Construction -- 11.3 Digital Deconstruction Technology Use Cases.

11.3.1 Identify Reusable Building Elements -- 11.3.2 Harvest Reusable Building Elements -- 11.3.3 Distribute Reusable Building Elements -- 11.4 Discussion -- 11.5 Outlook -- 11.6 Key Takeaways -- References -- Chapter 12: Blockchain Technology for a Circular Built Environment -- 12.1 What Is Blockchain Technology? -- 12.2 Blockchain Technology in the Built Environment -- 12.2.1 Supply Chain Management -- 12.2.2 BIM and Digital Twins -- 12.2.3 Cost Saving -- 12.2.4 Information Management -- 12.3 Circular Economy Through Blockchain Technology -- 12.4 Examples of Blockchain Applications for a Circular Built Environment -- 12.5 Challenges of Applying Blockchain Technology -- 12.6 Future of Blockchain Technology in a Circular Built Environment -- 12.7 Key Takeaways -- References -- Chapter 13: The Role of Digital Building Logbooks for a Circular Built Environment -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Digital Building Logbooks (DBLs) -- 13.2.1 DBLs in the European Built Environment -- 13.2.2 DBLs for a Circular Economy -- 13.2.3 Examples of DBLs in Europe -- CLÉA, France -- Residential Logbook Association, the United Kingdom -- De Woningpas, Belgium -- CAPSA, Germany -- CIRDAX, the Netherlands -- 13.3 Data Fields Supporting Circular Strategies -- 13.4 Business Models for DBLs -- 13.5 Discussion -- 13.5.1 Future Developments for DBLs -- 13.5.2 Market Uptake -- 13.5.3 DBLs as Enablers of Circular Economy -- 13.6 Key Takeaways -- References -- Chapter 14: Circular Business Models for Digital Technologies in the Built Environment -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Circular Business Model Innovation -- 14.3 Digital Business Models to Enable Circularity -- 14.3.1 Digital Business Models for Narrowing Resource Loops -- 14.3.2 Digital Business Models for Slowing Resource Loops -- 14.3.3 Digital Business Models for Closing Resource Loops.

14.3.4 Digital Business Models for Regenerating Resource Loops.