Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Academic Advisory Board -- General Introduction -- The Anthropocene as Multiple Crisis -- Periods of the Anthropocene's Genealogy in Latin America -- Colonial Period -- From the Mid‐Nineteenth Century to 1950 -- From 1950 to the Present -- Anthropocene Regions in Latin America -- Southern Cone -- Andes -- Amazon -- Mesoamerica -- Caribbean -- Biodiversity -- Final Words -- Colonial Period -- Introduction: Biodiversity and the Anthropocene in Colonial Latin America -- References -- Biodiversity in the Southern Cone in the Colonial Period -- Early Connections with "Others" in Colonial Spaces -- Intruders, yet Colonial Partners -- Horses: the Novel Deities -- Cattle as Environmental Vocation -- Colonial Ontologies of the Anthropocene: Some Current Considerations -- References -- Biodiversity in the Andes in the Colonial Period -- Livestock and Conquest -- The Expansion of European Livestock in the Second Half of the Sixteenth Century -- Livestock and the Rise of the Colonial Mining Economy: Potosí and the Andean South (1570-1600) -- The Reception of European Livestock by Indigenous People -- Conclusion -- References -- Biodiversity in the Amazon in the Colonial Period -- Early Gestures: The Arrival of Spaniards and Portuguese during the Colonial Period -- How Europeans Registered Biological Diversity in the Amazon -- Natural Knowledge as Political Argument -- Conclusion -- References -- Biodiversity in Mesoamerica in the Colonial Period -- Encounter, Colonization, and Impacts on Mesoamerican Biodiversity -- Final Remarks -- References -- Biodiversity in the Caribbean in the Colonial Period -- Plantation and Counter‐Plantation Animalities -- Provision Grounds and the Ambiguous Materiality of Freedom -- Counter‐Plantation Futures -- References -- From the Mid‐Nineteenth Century to 1950.

Introduction: Biodiversity and the Anthropocene in Latin America from the Mid‑Nineteenth Century to 1950 -- References -- Biodiversity in the Southern Cone from the Mid‑Nineteenth Century to 1950 -- Environmental Knowledge -- Extracting Plants and Animals -- Agriculture and Rural Colonization -- Forestry and Deforestation -- Cattle and Animal Husbandry -- Fish Farming -- Neobiotic Transformations -- The Protection of Biodiversity -- Impacting Socio‐Biodiversity: Conquest, Colonization, and First Acceleration -- References -- Biodiversity in the Andes from the Mid‐Nineteenth Century to 1950 -- Naming, Controlling, and Classifying the Biodiversity of the Tropical Andes -- Exploiting Biodiversity: Plantations and Extractive Enclaves -- Coast -- Sierra -- Eastern Piedmont -- Biodiversity and Andean Subsistence Agriculture -- Domestication Processes -- The Advance over the Agricultural Frontier -- Conservation Strategies and the Development of Protected Areas -- Conclusions -- References -- Biodiversity in the Amazon from the Mid‐Nineteenth Century to 1950 -- Amazon: The Gestation of a World -- Collections and Commerce: Amazonian Biodiversity as Economic and Scientific Value in Validating New Scientific Theories -- Prospecting Amazonian Biodiversity -- The "Goblin of the Amazon" -- Final Considerations -- References -- Biodiversity in Mesoamerica from the Mid‐Nineteenth Century to 1950 -- The Clash between Two Models of Relationship with Nature -- Two Ways to Relate to Biodiversity: Mesoamerican Civilization vs. European Colonialism -- Foundations of Mesoamerican Environmental Thinking -- Community Agroforestry Systems in Resistance to Intensive Resource Extraction -- The Claim to Traditional Knowledge: Ethno‐Botany and Ethno‐Agroecology -- Agrarian Capitalism and the Americanization of the Central American Landscape.

Environmental Apocalypse, Mexican Revolution, and Conservation Policies -- Conservation Efforts in Central America -- Conclusions -- References -- Biodiversity in the Caribbean from the Mid‑Nineteenth Century to 1950 -- Logging -- Agroecosystems: Between Plantations and Smallholdings -- Livestock and Animals -- Protection of Flora and Fauna -- References -- From 1950 to the Present -- Introduction: Biodiversity and the Anthropocene in Latin America from 1950 to the Present -- References -- Biodiversity in the Southern Cone from 1950 to the Present -- The Southern Cone as Biocultural Mosaic -- "The Republic of Soy" -- Foreign Forests and Indigenous Rights -- Maritime Monocultures: Salmon Farms and Social Conflict -- Conserving Biodiversity -- The Anthropocene and the Unforeseen -- References -- Biodiversity in the Andes from 1950 to the Present -- Biodiversity's Axes -- Agrobiodiversity -- Trends of the Great Acceleration -- Extinction -- Conclusions -- References -- Biodiversity in the Amazon from 1950 to the Present -- Humans and Nonhumans in the Amazon since the Great Acceleration -- Threats to Flora and Fauna from 1950 onward -- Predation: Capture, Commerce, and Consumption -- Introduction of Exotic Species -- Sociobiodiversity and Biocultural Diversity in Amazonia -- Final Considerations -- References -- Biodiversity in Mesoamerica from 1950 to the Present -- Biodiversity: the Theoretical‐Historical Reflection on a Fragile Wealth -- Biodiversity: the Difficulty of Conservation in National and International Policies -- Status of Mesoamerican Biodiversity -- Central America -- Mexico -- Experiences of Community Biodiversity Management in Mesoamerica -- The Indigenous Peasant Coordinator of Community Agroforestry in Central America (ACICAFOC) -- Cuetzalan, Mexico: Biodiversity, Culture, and Defense of the Territory.

Santa Maria Yavesia, Sierra Juarez de Oaxaca: Forests and Commonality -- Conclusions -- References -- Biodiversity in the Caribbean from 1950 to the Present -- Political Governance and the Influences on Biodiversity Documentation -- Caribbean's Biogeography -- Floral and Faunal Examples of Biodiversity within the Caribbean -- Culture and Folklore - the Social Side of Biodiversity -- Caribbean's Threat to Biodiversity 1950 to Today -- International Treaties, Agreements, and Biodiversity Programs within the Caribbean -- Conclusion and Recommendation -- References -- Appendix -- Biographical Notes.