Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- End User License Agreement -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Dedication -- List of Contributors -- Anatomical Attributes of the Tooth -- Aman Chowdhry1,* and Priyanka Kapoor2 -- CONCEPT AND DEFINITIONS -- Archaeology and Anthropology -- Dental Anthropology -- Dental Trait -- Set Traits (Dentition Traits) -- Arch Traits (Upper and Lower Teeth Traits) -- Class Traits (Interclass Traits) -- Type Traits (Intraclass Traits) -- Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System -- Carabelli's Trait (Tuberculum Anomale) -- Shovelling -- Sexual Dimorphism -- INTRODUCTION -- PARTS OF TOOTH -- Tooth Crown -- Tooth Root -- DENTAL IDENTITY -- HUMAN TEETH AND DENTITION -- NUMBERING SYSTEM OF TEETH FOR DENTITIONS [13 - 15] -- ANATOMICAL DIFFERENCE IN DECIDUOUS AND PERMANENT TEETH -- COMPARATIVE CHARTING AND ARCH FORM (HUMAN VS ANIMAL) -- DENTAL PROFILING FROM ANATOMICAL TRAITS OF TEETH -- DENTAL AGE ASSESSMENT (DAA) FROM ANATOMICAL TRAITS OF TEETH -- SEX DETERMINATION FROM ANATOMICAL TRAITS OF TEETH -- ETHNICITY DETERMINATION FROM ANATOMICAL TRAITS OF TEETH -- HERITABILITY OF DENTAL TRAITS -- PALEODONTOLOGY -- MARKS PRODUCED BY TEETH -- ANOMALIES OF TEETH AND ANATOMICAL SIGNIFICANCE -- DIGITAL ADVANCEMENTS AND APPLICATIONS OF DENTAL ANATOMY -- INDIAN PERSPECTIVE -- Mass Disaster -- Teaching Dental Morphology -- CONCLUSION -- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS -- REFERENCES -- Dental Age Estimation in Forensics -- Priyanka Kapoor1,* and Aman Chowdhry2 -- CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS -- INTRODUCTION -- HISTORY OF DENTAL AGE ESTIMATION -- IMPORTANCE OF TEETH IN AGE ESTIMATION -- IMPORTANCE OF AGE ESTIMATION IN FORENSICS -- Comparative Age Determination -- Reconstructive Age Determination or Profiling -- Research -- CLASSIFICATION AND BROAD CATEGORIES OF DENTAL AGE ESTIMATION METHODS -- Pre-Natal Stage -- Radiographic Methods.

Histological Methods [3] -- Children and Adolescents -- Standard Charts/Atlas Method -- Calculation (Scoring/Regression Equations) Method -- Adult Stage -- Morphologic Methods -- Histological Methods -- Biochemical Methods -- Radiographic Methods -- Visual Methods -- NEWER ADVENTS IN AGE ESTIMATION -- Software l Program [Dental Age Estimation ® [82] -- Artificial Intelligence in Age Estimation [88, 89] -- DENTAL AGE ESTIMATION IN SPECIAL SITUATIONS -- Craniofacial Abnormalities -- Dental Age in Different Skeletal Patterns -- Dental Age in Archeological Remains [27] -- Dental Age in Fossil Evidence (Paleontology) -- Dental Age in Correlation with Skeletal Age -- DNA and Dental Age -- REPORTING OF DERIVED AGE -- CONCLUSION -- ABBREVIATIONS -- REFERENCES -- "Dental Anomalies": A Key to Personal Identification -- Gyanendra Kumar1,*, Shilpa Malik Dutta2 and Ferah Rehman3 -- INTRODUCTION -- DENTAL RECORDS -- Dental Charting -- Dental Identification -- ROLE OF ANOMALIES OR NONMETRIC TRAITS IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF AN INDIVIDUAL AFTER DEATH -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Dental Pulp: A Charismatic Role in DNA Fingerprinting -- Shivani Bansal1,* and Archana Gaikwad1 -- INTRODUCTION -- HISTORIC REVIEW -- MOLECULAR ANATOMY OF DNA -- DNA-Types -- ANATOMICAL LOCATION FOR DNA IN TOOTH -- STRUCTURE OF DENTAL PULP -- Dental Pulp Volume -- Effect of Environment on Pulp DNA -- Temperature -- Soil -- Water -- DECONTAMINATION OF TEETH -- DENTAL PULP EXTIRPATION METHODS -- Crushing Entire Teeth -- Cryogenic Grinding -- Conventional Endodontic Access -- Vertical Split -- Horizontal Section -- Orthograde Entrance Technique -- Reverse Root Canal -- PULP STORAGE -- PRINCIPLE OF DNA FINGERPRINTING -- DNA EXTRACTION METHODS -- DNA FINGERPRINTING PROCEDURE -- DNA ANALYSIS -- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) -- Southern Blot Analysis.

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) -- Short Tandem Repeat (STR) Analysis -- Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) -- mtDNA Analysis -- Y-chromosome Analysis -- Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AmpFLP) -- FORENSIC SIGNIFICANCE OF DENTAL PULP -- Age Estimation -- Odontoblasts in Pulp -- Sex Determination and DNA from Pulp -- Barr Bodies -- F-bodies -- Sex-determining Region "Y" Gene -- Amelogenin Gene -- Telomere Shortening -- Blood Group Determination -- Identification of Mass Disasters -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Dentures: A hope for Disaster Victim Identification -- Emilio Nuzzolese1,* -- INTRODUCTION -- DENTURES AND POSTMORTEM DATA -- DENTURES AND ANTE-MORTEM DATA -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Oral Autobiography: A New Paradigm for Identification -- Rohan Ashok Gawali1,* and Shaivya Mishra2 -- INTRODUCTION -- THE GOOD OLD: COMPARATIVE DENTAL IDENTIFICATION -- Challenges -- The Technique -- The Concept of Dental Identification -- Information Technology Tools in Dental Identification -- Microscopic Examination -- Molecular Analysis -- Age -- Morphological Method -- Radiological Methods -- Biochemical Methods -- Race -- Monoloid -- Caucasoids -- Australoids -- Negroids -- Systemic Conditions -- Occupation -- THE FACE VALUE: CRANIO-FACIAL RECONSTRUCTION -- Background -- Process -- Technique -- 2D Reconstruction -- 3D Reconstruction -- THE BOOK OF LIFE: DNA -- Human Genetic Variations -- Variable Number Tandem Repeats -- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism -- Polymerase Chain Reaction -- Short Tandem Repeats -- Special Techniques -- MiniSTR -- Single Nucleotide Polymorphism -- Low Copy Number Protocol -- mtDNA -- Oro-facial Sources Of DNA -- THE FLOWING IDENTITY: SALIVA -- Forensic Significance -- Identification of Salivary Stain -- Methods of Collecting Saliva from the Crime Scene.

Advantage of Saliva over other Serological Fluids -- What Can Be Done with Salivary Evidence? -- Identification of the Biter -- Sex Determination from saliva -- Drug Monitoring -- Salivary Biomarkers -- Animal Bite-Mark Analysis -- Blood Group Examination of Saliva -- THE STORY OF A HARD CHIP: DENTAL CALCULUS -- Composition of Dental Calculus -- Forensic Significance -- Sample Collection -- THE MICRO DETECTIVES: ORAL MICROFLORA -- Forensic Significance -- Amplicon Sequencing -- Shotgun Metagenomics -- Shotgun Metaproteomics -- LIPS DON'T LIE: LIP PRINTS -- Background -- Lip Print Classification -- Forensic Significance -- Identification by Lip Prints -- Future of Lip Print-Based Identification -- THE HIDDEN MOUNTAINS: PALATINE RUGAE -- Background -- Forensic Significance -- Palatine Rugae Classification -- FALSE TEETH FOR TRUE IDENTITY: DENTURES -- Ideal Requirements -- Various Techniques -- Legislation about Denture Marking -- THE TINY ROOMS IN THE SKULL: PARANASAL SINUSES -- Background -- Forensic Significance -- Challenges -- SMILE PLEASE: SELFIE PHOTOGRAPHS -- Cameras Enter the Pocket: Camera Phones -- Smartphones -- Social Media -- A New Type of Portrait: Selfie Photograph -- Forensic Significance -- The Technique -- Challenges -- THE SUPPORTING ACTORS: EAR, TONGUE, TOOTH PRINTS AND VOICE -- Ear Prints -- Forensic Significance -- Tongue Prints -- Tooth Prints -- Voice -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Bite Marks: A Pragmatic Approach in Identification -- Jayant Kumar Gahlot1,* and Hemant Sawhney1 -- INTRODUCTION -- CLASSIFICATIONS OF BITE MARKS -- CHARACTERISTICS OF BITE MARKS -- Class Characteristics -- Individual Characteristics -- MECHANISM OF THE BITE MARKS -- APPEARANCE AND FACTORS AFFECTING THE BITE MARKS -- Factors Affecting Bitemarks on Skin -- COLLECTION OF EVIDENCE IN BITE MARK ANALYSIS -- Recording Vital Details -- Demographic Record.

Position of the Bite Mark -- Shape -- Color and Size -- Type of Injury -- Forensic Significance -- Obtaining Dental Records -- Collection of Evidence from Victim -- Documentation -- Photograph -- Swabs -- Impressions -- Collection of Evidence from Suspect -- Clinical Examination -- Impressions -- Bite Sample -- BITE MARKS ANALYSIS AND IDENTIFICATION -- ABFO Guidelines for Human Bite Mark Analysis -- Different Methods of Comparing Specimens to Human Bite Marks -- Guidelines for the Identification of a Body -- SEVERITY OF BITE MARKS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE -- BITE MARKS SEVERITY INDEX -- METHODS TO PRESERVE BITE MARKS -- AMERICAN BOARD OF FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY (ABFO) STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES -- ABFO Standards for Human Bite Mark Analytical Methods -- ABFO Standards for "Bite Mark Terminology" -- RОLE ОF FОRENSIС ОDОNTОLОGIST IN IDENTIFIСАTIОN -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Subject Index -- Back Cover.