Intro -- List of figures and tables -- Table 0.1. The conceptual framework for this book: The rise and development of biogeohistory through a quarter of a millennium. Each surge in insight built upon its antecedents. -- Table 0.2. General statements about 'informed cultural' beliefs through the centuries about the 'bio-' side of biogeohistory. -- Table 2.1. A sweeping overview of natural history developing in Australia-geology, palaeontology, botany, zoology. -- Table 2.2. Estimated dates for Beaumaris outcrop. -- Table 2.3. Outcrop stages ordered by age. -- Table 6.1. Minimalist equations involving carbon dioxide in biogeohistory. -- Table 10.1. Natural history and natural philosophy: Some binaries and other terms. -- Figure 0.1. The thinker on the rock. After the late Ron Tandberg and The Age (Melbourne). -- Figure 0.2. A dreamed-up cross-section of fossiliferous strata exposed in a mountainous terrain. -- Figure 0.3. The Australo-Antarctic Gulf through the Cenozoic Era. -- Figure 0.4. South Australia's Eocene and Miocene landscapes. -- Figure 0.5. Climatic states on planet Earth for the Cenozoic Era and some forecasting. -- Figure 1.1. Myponga Creek, looking upstream (east) from Myponga Beach, watercolour by Glenice Stacey. -- Figure 1.2. At Sellick Hill and Myponga Beach on the western flank of the Willunga Range, south of Adelaide, two geological cross-sections A-A and D-D show the strata dipping to the east. -- Figure 1.3. Arduino's 1758 section, Alpine foothills. -- Figure 1.4. Dupain-Triel 1791, Primary Secondary Tertiary. -- Figure 1.5. Lyell's ideal section with four classes of rocks. -- Figure 1.6. Lindsay's geological cross-section under Adelaide. -- Figure 2.1. Nautiloids from the shallow seas of Cenozoic southern Australia. -- Figure 2.2. Evolutionary succession in nautiloids.

Figure 2.3. Limestone cliffs in the Great Australian Bight, painted by William Westall in 1802 (below) and by Alana Preece in 2010 (above). -- Figure 2.4. Charles Sturt's plate of Fossils of the Tertiary Formation, the limestone cliffs of the lower River Murray, as prepared and identified by James Sowerby in London. -- Figure 2.5. Paris district, succession of fossil vertebrates. -- Figure 2.6. Prévost's stratigraphic diagram for the Paris Basin. -- Figure 2.7. Deshayes's molluscan assemblages for Eocene, Miocene, Pliocene. -- Figure 2.8. Deshayes and Lyell assemblage, Tertiary succession. -- Figure 2.9. Phillips and Lyell: The three fossil-based eras. -- Figure 2.10. McCoy, Tenison-Woods, Tate, Howchin: Australian Tertiaries. -- Figure 2.11. Limestone cave at Mosquito Plains (Naracoorte). -- Figure 2.12. Tenison-Woods's assemblage of fossils. -- Figure 2.13. A thicket of the bryozoan Celleporaria gambierensis from the Middle Miocene shallow sea in the Murravian Gulf (Chapter 9). -- Figure 3.1. French and British explorers in the south seas. -- Figure 3.2. Trigonia and Neotrigonia: Lamarck's excitement. -- Figure 3.3. Trigonia, Eotrigonia and Neotrigonia: Darragh's array in time. -- Figure 3.4. Owen's big Pleistocene marsupials. -- Figure 3.5. Darwin's argument from southern biogeography. -- Figure 3.6. Discovering evolution: Eight books from the Anglosphere. -- Figure 3.7. Hitchcock's family trees erupted from the rocks. This originally hand-coloured 'paleontological chart' was first published in 1840. -- Figure 3.8. Homology, from Belon 1555 to Gogonasus Man 2011. -- Figure 3.9. The central position of Richard Owen. -- Figure 3.10. The evolution of the horse. -- Figure 3.11. The central position of Charles Darwin. -- Figure 3.12. The bell curve in Simpson's modes of evolution.

Figure 4.1a. Fossil foraminifer from the Otway coast in western Victoria. -- Figure 4.1b. The trochospiral shell of many foraminifera, in three standard views. -- Figure 4.2. Two species of Globanomalina in the Late Palaeocene. -- Figure 4.3. Assemblages of species in the Genus Globanomalina (scale division 0.1 mm). -- Figure 4.4. Species of Globanomalina interpreted as cladogenesis, or family tree. -- Figure 4.5. Morozovella angulata-aequa interpreted as anagenesis. -- Figure 4.6. Foraminifera models (above) and Pharaoh's beans (below). -- Figure 4.7. Huxley's comparison of Cretaceous chalk and Atlantic ooze. -- Figure 4.8. Modern planktonic foraminifer, and John Murray's biogeographic identifications. -- Figure 4.9. Martin Glaessner's biostratigraphy, Cretaceous to Palaeogene, Caucasus. -- Figure 4.10. Glaessner's suggested phylogeny in Globotruncana. -- Figure 4.11. Howchin's plate of foraminifera from Muddy Creek. -- Figure 4.12. Some foraminiferologists in southern Australia. -- Figure 4.13. Hantkenina, Parr's key to unlocking the recalcitrantly provincial Tertiary. -- Figure 4.14. Reconstructing the Orbulina lineage in two cultures: Two ways of presenting a Miocene lineage of planktonic foraminifera. -- Figure 4.15. Trans-Tasman comparison of bioevents. -- Figure 4.16. Multiple attacks on Miocene chronology. -- Figure 4.17. The four Cenozoic sequences with boundary unconformities. -- Figure 4.18. The fourfold Cenozoic sequences in global context. -- Figure 5.1. Two views of Inoceramus, a pseudo-clam from the Late Cretaceous limestones in western Australia. -- Figure 5.2. First geological section along the Ninetyeast Ridge. -- Figure 5.3. Left, modern physiographic illustration of India's migration. Right, Gansser's traces of India's flight northwards. -- Figure 5.4. Locality map for the Indian Ocean, drawn in 1976.

Figure 5.5. Chronological portrait of India-Australia reactions. -- Figure 5.6. Geographic portrait of India-Australia reactions. -- Figure 5.7. Palaeogeography in Permian times, as of a century ago: Schuchert's Permian land bridges. -- Figure 5.8. Marine invasion of fracturing eastern Gondwanaland. -- Figure 5.9. The southern margin of Australia, formerly the north flank of the Australo-Antarctic Gulf. -- Figure 5.10. Seafloor spreading between Antarctica, Australia and Zealandia in time and place. -- Figure 5.11. The Australo-Antarctic Gulf from birth to death. -- Figure 5.12. Stretching and tension: Veevers's southern Australia as pull-apart continental margin. -- Figure 5.13. Madura-Ceduna seismic sequences in cross-section. -- Figure 5.14. Holford's compression and squeezing in central southern Australia. -- Figure 5.15. Squeezing: Preiss's section across the Mt Lofty Ranges. -- Figure 5.16. Big neritic carbonates on continental margins, same ages, different palaeolatitudes. -- Figure 5.17. 1970s evidence for the Khirthar Transgression. -- Figure 5.18. Matthew's geography of evolution: Cenozoic arguments against mobile continents. -- Figure 5.19. Colbert's evolutionary geography: Permo-Triassic arguments for mobile continents. -- Figure 5.20. 'Dispersal versus vicariance'-do organisms move, or do continents? -- Figure 5.21. Mitchell's ratite patterns in evolutionary genetics. -- Figure 5.22. Richard Schodde's (2006) map of Australia's place in the biogeography of birds. -- Figure 6.1. Acarinina mcgowrani: Signals from an ancient ocean. -- Figure 6.2 Two depictions of the making of the modern ocean. -- Figure 6.3. Aspects of climate and environment. -- Figure 6.4. Equations in a carbon dioxide cycle. -- Figure 6.5. Lipps's early 1970s model oceans. -- Figure 6.6. The Monterey event at Site 216 on the Ninetyeast Ridge.

Figure 6.7. Hohenegger's large benthic foraminifera off Okinawa. -- Figure 6.8. Nummulites and relatives illustrate the power and potential of X-ray tomography. -- Figure 6.9. Eocene Tethys in the photic zone: Benthic foraminiferal partitioning. Thin sections in a reconstructed profile are from Southern Tethys biofacies. -- Figure 6.10. Indicators of global environmental shifts during the Cenozoic Era. -- Figure 6.11. Foraminifera and corals in a natural two-part Cenozoic Era. -- Figure 6.12. Environmental shifts during the Cenozoic Era, updated. -- Figure 6.13. Westerhold et al. (2020) in determinism in Cenozoic climatic states. -- Figure 6.14. Sea levels reconstructed over 100 million years. -- Figure 7.1. Eyre Formation type section on Coopers Creek. -- Figure 7.2. Australia's continental drift and two speeds in earth history. -- Figure 7.3. Early Palaeogene pile in western Victoria. -- Figure 7.4. Modern trees and ancient pollens. -- Figure 7.5. Dinocysts warm and cold in Eocene biogeography. -- Figure 7.6. Dinocyst biogeography and southern reconstructions. -- Figure 7.7. Dinocyst herald of the hothouse: Apectodinium spread globally at the PETM. -- Figure 7.8a. Dinocysts in a reconstructed PETM sea. -- Figure 7.8b. Dinocyst complexes indicate ecological preferences. -- Figure 7.9. Sporomorphs capture the PETM at Point Margaret. -- Figure 7.10. Berger's theory of the brackish lid on the south-west Pacific. -- Figure 7.11. Southern calcareous phytoplankton out of the hothouse. -- Figure 7.12. Mt Arckaringa and Walther's classical arid weathering profile. -- Figure 7.13. Argument and test of episodic deep weathering in the hothouse. -- Figure 8.1. Tom Roberts, Sheoak and sunlight (1888). -- Figure 8.2. Lutetian-Rupelian global cooling. -- Figure 8.3. Eocene large forams expand to the deep south.

Figure 8.4. Eucla Basin, Eocene and Miocene shallow seas.