Intro -- Preface -- Preface from the Institute for Ultrasonic Electronics -- Editor biographies -- Mami Matsukawa, Editor-in-chief -- Pak-Kon Choi -- Kentaro Nakamura -- Hirotsugu Ogi -- Hideyuki Hasegawa -- Contributor biographies -- Shingo Akao -- Takamitsu Iwaya -- Osamu Matsuda -- Keiji Sakai -- Shin-ichi Sakamoto -- Shin-ichiro Umemura -- Yoshiaki Watanabe -- Oliver B Wright -- Kazushi Yamanaka -- Shin Yoshizawa -- Chapter 1 Ultrasound propagation -- 1.1 Ultrasound propagation in gases and liquids -- 1.1.1 Frequency of ultrasound -- 1.1.2 Adiabaticity of sound propagation -- 1.1.3 Wave equation -- 1.1.4 Sound velocity -- 1.1.5 Plane waves -- 1.2 Ultrasound propagation in solids -- 1.2.1 Elastic properties of solids -- 1.2.2 Wave equation in solids -- 1.3 Absorption and velocity dispersion in fluids -- 1.3.1 Ultrasound absorption -- 1.3.2 The relaxation phenomenon -- 1.3.3 Molecular vibrational relaxation -- 1.3.4 Examples of the relaxation phenomenon in fluids -- 1.4 Sound radiation -- 1.4.1 Sound field produced by a circular piston source -- 1.4.2 Simulation of a sound field -- 1.5 Measurement of ultrasound fields by optical methods -- 1.5.1 Schlieren method -- 1.5.2 Photoelasticity imaging method -- 1.5.3 Shadowgraphy method -- 1.5.4 Luminescence due to acoustic cavitation -- References -- Chapter 2 Wave propagation in/on liquids and spectroscopy of viscoelasticity and surface tension -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Viscoelastic properties of, and wave propagation in liquids -- 2.1.2 Dynamics of liquid surface properties -- 2.2 Recent progress in the light-scattering approach to viscoelasticity -- 2.2.1 Accurate Brillouin scattering experiment based on an optical heterodyne technique -- 2.2.2 Thermal phonon resonance -- 2.2.3 Determination of shear, orientational, and coupling viscosities in liquids.

2.3 Recent progress in the experimental approach to the dynamic surface phenomena of liquids -- 2.3.1 Ripplon spectroscopy -- 2.3.2 Manipulation and observation of micro liquid particles -- 2.4 Introduction to recent progress in rheometry -- 2.4.1 The electromagnetic spinning (EMS) rheometer system -- 2.4.2 Measurement of viscoelasticity using the EMS system equipped with quadruple electromagnets -- 2.4.3 Examination of the quantum standard for viscosity -- References -- Chapter 3 Optical measurements of ultrasonic fields in air/water and ultrasonic vibration in solids -- 3.1 Measurement of ultrasonic fields in air/water -- 3.1.1 Problems arising in ultrasonic field measurement -- 3.1.2 Probe sensors using optical fibers -- 3.1.3 Imaging of ultrasonic fields using optical methods -- 3.1.4 Super directivity in the detection of ultrasonic waves -- 3.2 Vibration measurement at ultrasonic frequencies -- 3.2.1 Out-of-plane vibration -- 3.2.2 In-plane vibration -- 3.2.3 Fringe-counting method for high-amplitude vibration -- 3.2.4 Sagnac interferometer for very-high-frequency vibration -- 3.3 Conclusions and outlook -- References -- Chapter 4 Picosecond laser ultrasonics -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Basics of picosecond laser ultrasonics -- 4.2.1 Overview -- 4.2.2 Basic experimental setup -- 4.2.3 Interferometric setup -- 4.2.4 One-dimensional model -- 4.3 Extensions of picosecond laser ultrasonics -- 4.3.1 Time-resolved Brillouin-scattering measurements assisted by metallic gratings -- 4.3.2 Generation and detection of shear acoustic waves assisted by metallic gratings -- 4.4 Summary -- References -- Chapter 5 Ball surface acoustic wave sensor and its application to trace gas analysis -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 SAWs on a sphere -- 5.3 Principles of the ball SAW sensor -- 5.4 Hydrogen gas sensors -- 5.5 Trace moisture analyzer.

5.5.1 Ball SAW TMA using phase signal for temperature compensation -- 5.5.2 Ball SAW TMA using amplitude signal for various background gases -- 5.6 Micro gas chromatography -- 5.6.1 Concept and problems of gas chromatography -- 5.6.2 Sensitive film used in the ball SAW gas chromatograph -- 5.6.3 Palm-sized ball SAW gas chromatograph as an example of micro GC -- 5.6.4 Analysis of the aroma components of sake - a crystal sommelier -- 5.7 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 Phase adjuster in a thermoacoustic system -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Thermoacoustic phenomenon leading to steady oscillation -- 6.2.1 Loop-tube-type thermoacoustic cooling system -- 6.2.2 Mechanism of thermoacoustic cooling -- 6.2.3 Variation of resonant wavelength and cooling capacity -- 6.2.4 Resonant frequency before stable self-excited oscillation: changes in cooling capacity and resonant wavelength observed in the boundary layer -- 6.2.5 Resonant frequency under conditions of stable self-excited oscillation: influence of total length of, and pressure in the tube -- 6.3 Progression to phase adjuster -- 6.4 Beyond the PA -- 6.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7 Ultrasonic characterization of bone -- 7.1 Why should we study bone using ultrasound? -- 7.2 Ultrasonic wave properties in bone tissues -- 7.2.1 Conventional ultrasonic characterization in the megahertz range -- 7.2.2 Microscopic bone evaluation by Brillouin scattering -- 7.2.3 Piezoelectricity in bone in the megahertz range -- 7.3 Ultrasonic characterization of cancellous bone -- 7.3.1 Two-wave phenomenon and clinical application -- 7.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8 Acceleration and control of protein aggregation -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Mechanism of acceleration of protein aggregation -- 8.3 Nonlinear components as indicators for the aggregation reaction.

8.4 Supersaturation: a new concept for protein aggregation phenomenon -- 8.5 Multichannel ultrasonication system for amyloid assay: HANABI -- 8.6 Summary and future prospects -- References -- Chapter 9 High-frame-rate medical ultrasonic imaging -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 High-frame-rate ultrasonic imaging -- 9.3 Motion estimators -- 9.3.1 Autocorrelation method -- 9.3.2 Vector Doppler method -- 9.3.3 Block-matching method -- 9.3.4 Spectrum-based motion estimator -- 9.4 Applications of high-frame-rate ultrasonic imaging -- 9.4.1 Strain or strain-rate imaging -- 9.4.2 Measurement of propagation of mechanical waves in tissue -- 9.4.3 Blood-flow imaging -- References -- Chapter 10 High-intensity focused ultrasound -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 HIFU devices -- 10.3 Measurement and visualization of HIFU fields -- 10.4 Cavitation -- 10.5 Ultrasound image guidance -- 10.6 Concluding remarks -- References.