Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Electronic Appendix -- 1 Introduction: Setting the Scene -- References -- 2 The Global Clash of Civilizations on Homosexuality and the Threat of Hate Crimes Against LGBTQ+ Communities as Documented by International Organizations and NGOs -- 2.1 FRA-The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights -- 2.2 Europol -- 2.3 OSCE ODIHR -- 2.4 EQUALDEX -- 2.5 KIRAS-Security Research -- 2.6 Roman Catholic Religious Leaders -- 2.7 Orthodox Homophobia? -- 2.8 Homophobia in the Muslim World? -- References -- 3 Using World Values Survey and European Social Survey Data on Homosexuality and Homonegativity: The Comparative Evidence from the Social Sciences -- 3.1 Inglehart: Homosexuality and Existential Security -- 3.2 Adamczyk: Cross-National Variations in Public Opinion About Homosexuality -- 3.3 Anderson, and Fetner: The Impact of Economic Inequality Across and Within Nations on Attitudes Toward Homosexuality -- 3.4 Firdauzi, Hidayat, and Darmawan: The Role of Religion in Explaining Homophobic Attitudes -- 3.5 Hildebrandt, Jäckle and Wenzelburger: The Culture Wars on Homosexuality -- 3.6 Janssen and Scheepers: Religious Particularism, Religious Salience and Homonegativity -- 3.7 Roberts: Homonegativity, Postmaterialism, World Society, and Multiple Modernities -- 3.8 Van Der Akker: Cohort Socialisation and Homonegativity -- 3.9 Whitworth and Moretti: The Varying Effects of Religious Beliefs and Welfare Regimes on Homonegativity -- References -- 4 Methodology and Data for Our New Analysis -- 4.1 The World Values Survey and European Values Survey Data -- 4.2 Methodology -- 4.3 Promax Factor Analysis -- 4.4 Testing Levels of Significance -- 4.5 Parametric Indicators -- 4.6 Error Margins.

4.7 Dimensions and Variables from the World Values Survey and European Values Survey -- 4.8 Cross-National Data -- 4.9 The Empirical Research Design -- References -- 5 Results from the Bivariate and Multivariate Analysis of Homonegativity -- 5.1 Homonegativity According to the World Values Survey and European Values Survey Data -- 5.2 A Kuznets Curve of Homonegativity? -- 5.3 The Bivariate Correlations of Homonegativity at the Individual Level Among the Total Global Population and Among the Major Religious Denominations -- 5.4 The Bivariate Correlations of Homonegativity at the Individual Level -- 5.5 Partial Correlations of Homonegativity at the National Level -- 5.6 Partial Correlations of Homonegativity at the Individual Level of the Inhabitants of the World -- 5.7 Secularism, Democracy, Tolerance and Religious Particularism: Promax Factor Analytical Results for the Explanation of Homonegativity based on the World Values Survey, 2010-2014 -- 5.8 Gender Equality, Democracy, Religious Salience, Political Violence and National Resilience: Promax Factor Analytical Results for the Explanation of Homonegativity with the Data of the World Values Survey, 2017-2022 -- References -- 6 The Potential for Violence Against Homosexuals and Strategies of Advancing Tolerant Gender Social Norms and Democracy -- 6.1 The Potential of Homophobic Violence, Driven by Religiously Motivated Extremism-Estimated from the Data from the World Values Survey, 2017-2022 -- 6.2 A Parametric Index of Tolerant Gender Social Norms and Democracy (TGSNDI), Combining Acceptance of Gender Equality, Pro-democracy Attitudes, No Homophobia and Xenophobia, No Support for Political Violence, and the Willingness to Defend the Country -- 6.3 The Partial Correlations of Tolerant Gender Social Norms and Democracy.

6.4 The Catastrophic Global Situation of Restrictive Social Gender Norms in the World System -- 6.5 The UNDP Gender Social Norms Index and Our Tolerant Gender Social Norms and Democracy Index -- References -- 7 Perspectives and Conclusions from This Study -- 7.1 Homonegativity and Tolerant Social Gender Norms in Multicultural Western Democracies -- 7.2 Political Measures to Strengthen the Rights of the LGBTQ+ Communities -- References.