The Roman frontiers are one of the greatest heritage that survived from the Roman Empire, and span three continents in a wide geography. Part of the eastern frontier passes through Anatolia. However, the Anatolian frontier is the least studied compared to other frontier sections, and its protection efforts are insufficient. Dams on the Euphrates and Tigris rivers pose a serious threat to the Anatolian frontier heritage, along with various conservation problems since frontier consists of natural landscapes and spreads over a large geography, mostly in rural areas. In this study, the Anatolian frontier was examined, and its components, characteristics, and chronology were revealed. To draw attention to its protection, conservation problems were researched using literature and site trip carried out in July-August 2022, and cataloguing, mapping, analyses of characteristics and conservation status were made. To fully understand and discuss the place of the Anatolian frontier within the Roman frontiers, other frontier sections were examined from chronological, sociopolitical, spatial and conservation aspects, and a comparative study was carried out. The findings showed that the Anatolian frontier was one of the earliest frontier sections but was not built in a single period; it was strengthened with many legions due to the great Parthian danger in the east; it was a bifurcated and multilayered frontier following the Euphrates and Tigris; and military structures were built into existing civilian settlements. In the face of many conservation problems, especially dams, holistic conservation approaches were not followed, and individual conservation practices were implemented. As a result, further studies on the Anatolian frontier are important for understanding and protecting the frontier system. A new legal regulation for rural- archaeological sites may help solve some conservation problems in rural areas. Instead of single implementations, holistic conservation policies are needed that take into account landscape components as well as the architectural elements of the frontier, highlight the relationship of components with each other and their physical environment, and strengthen bonds of belonging with this heritage by raising awareness of local communities.