Waterways have played significant roles in the historical, cultural, economic, and environmental structures of cities, emerging as a vital element in the formation and development of urban identities. Throughout history, waterways have been the lifeblood of early settlements, shaping the development and cultural identity of cities. For instance, many cities, such as London with the Thames, Paris with the Seine, and Cairo with the Nile, have developed around the resources provided by waterways. Culturally, waterways have held symbolic values for societies, often carrying religious and spiritual significance. The canals of Venice, for example, have become icons of the city's identity, integrated with art and literature. The Ganges River, considered sacred in Hinduism, symbolizes purity and spirituality. Economically, waterways have been fundamental to trade and industry, contributing to the economic growth of cities. Cities like Rotterdam and Hamburg have become major trade centers thanks to their river ports. During the industrial era, waterways supported the establishment of factories and the growth of cities. Waterways also have a significant impact on urban development and architecture. By shaping city planning and architecture, waterways have given cities unique characters. For example, Amsterdam's famous canals have left a mark on the city's architecture and identity. In terms of recreation and environmental importance, waterways have provided urban residents with spaces for relaxation and entertainment, enhancing quality of life, and have become focal points for environmental conservation efforts. Projects like cleaning the Thames in London and restoring the Chicago River have been important steps in improving urban ecology. In this context, waterways have played an indispensable role in the multifaceted development and identity formation of cities. In this thesis, the Meles Stream, one of the significant waterways of İzmir, is examined. Throughout İzmir's history, from the ancient Smyrna period onwards, the Meles Stream has stood out as one of the city's symbols. This waterway has played many important roles in İzmir's development, culture, and social life. However, evaluating the impact of waterways on urban identity solely through the Meles Stream's water flow may hinder a complete understanding of this waterway's various roles in the city. Therefore, the Meles Stream is analyzed using the Cultural Landscape Matrix, and this approach has revealed the multifaceted impacts of the waterway on urban identity more comprehensively. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the Meles Stream comprehensively using the Cultural Landscape Matrix. This evaluation is divided into three main categories: M (Material) codes, I (Immaterial) codes, and L (Links) codes. M (Material) codes refer to physical and tangible elements, including structures and infrastructure such as aqueducts, bridges, and water mills. I (Immaterial) codes encompass spiritual and cultural values, including the mythological and religious significance of the Meles Stream, folk narratives, and rituals. L (Links) codes address the connections and interactions of the Meles Stream with its surrounding industrial areas, ports, and other waterways in the city. This comprehensive approach provides a detailed analysis of the multifaceted impacts of the Meles Stream on urban identity. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the various roles and significance of waterways in urban life and highlight the importance of restoring waterways that have been lost or forgotten due to urbanization.