Reviewing praxisitioners -- Islam and the rise and fall of the Ottoman Empire -- From end of empire to republican coup to coup: the period 1918 to 1980 -- From traditional to postmodern coup and beyond: the period 1980 to 2002 -- Linking the past and the way forward: socialization agents of the republic -- The incompatibility problem and the circle of reinforcement -- Internalization and change: routes to praxism -- Explaining the resurgence: concluding beyond exclusion and toward inclusion.