Economics of biotechnology
Title:
Economics of biotechnology
Author:
Ramamohan Rao, T. V. S.
ISBN:
9788122426380
Personal Author:
Edition:
1st ed.
Publication Information:
New Delhi : New Age International, c2007.
Physical Description:
1 online resource (xv, 181 p.) : ill.
Contents:
Cover13; -- Preface13; -- Contents13; -- Chapter 1 Introduction13; -- 1.1 Changing Technology13; -- 1.2 Modern Biotechnology13; -- 1.3 Organizational Issues13; -- 1.4 Patents and IPRs13; -- 1.5 Market Structure13; -- 1.6 Ethical and Environmental Concerns13; -- 1.7 Government Policy13; -- 1.8 Looking Ahead13; -- Chapter 2 Organizational Structure13; -- 2.1 The Scope13; -- 2.2 Knowledge Intensity13; -- 2.3 Biotechnology Knowledge13; -- 2.4 Network Organization13; -- 2.5 Nature of Contracts13; -- 2.6 Sharing Fixed Costs13; -- 2.7 Economic Consequences13; -- 2.8 Other Aspects13; -- Chapter 3 IPRs and Patents13; -- 3.1 Why Protection?13; -- 3.2 Patents as Protection13; -- 3.3 Biotechnology Patents13; -- 3.4 IPR Agreements13; -- 3.5 TRIPS Agreement13; -- 3.6 Consequences of Protection13; -- 3.7 Issues of Concern13; -- 3.8 Modifications to Patent Regime13; -- Chapter 4 Investment and Financing13; -- 4.1 The Issues13; -- 4.2 Role of Public Investment13; -- 4.3 R & D in Scientific Knowledge13; -- 4.4 Risks of R & D13; -- 4.5 Complementary R & D13; -- 4.6 Agricultural Extension Services13; -- 4.7 Bioprocessing13; -- 4.8 Physical Capital13; -- 4.9 Financing Constraints13; -- 4.10 Further Considerations13; -- Chapter 5 Demand, Cost and Productivity13; -- 5.1 The Background13; -- 5.2 Patterns of Demand13; -- 5.3 Productivity13; -- 5.4 Variable Costs13; -- 5.5 Welfare Effects13; -- 5.6 Summing Up13; -- Chapter 6 Market Structure and Pricing13; -- 6.1 Nature of Markets13; -- 6.2 Defining Market Concentration 13; -- 6.3 Sources of Concentration13; -- 6.4 Monopoly Power and Pricing13; -- 6.5 Differential Pricing13; -- 6.6 Dynamic Pricing13; -- 6.7 In Retrospect13; -- Chapter 7 Ethics and Environment13; -- 7.1 Issues at Stake13; -- 7.2 Ethical Issues13; -- 7.3 Environmental Issues13; -- 7.4 Ethical Issues in Agricultural Biotechnology13; -- 7.5 Ethical Issues in Drug Development13; -- 7.6 Environmental Issues13; -- 7.7 International Conventions13; -- 7.8 Lessons and Control13; -- Chapter 8 Government Policy13; -- 8.1 An Overview13; -- 8.2 Scientific R & D13; -- 8.3 Scientist vs. NBF Contract13; -- Chapter 9 Conclusion13; -- 9.1 The Technology13; -- 9.2 Organizational Aspects13; -- 9.3 Product Profiles and Markets13; -- 9.4 Negative effects13; -- 9.5 Steady State13; -- Appendices13; -- Appendix 1 Technical Terms13; -- Appendix 2 Economic Concepts13; -- Appendix 3 Mathematical Background13; -- References13; -- Index13.
Abstract:
About the Book: Modern biotechnology has come into prominence since 1980. It relates to a set of techniques that involve manipulation or change of the genetic inheritance of living organisms including plants. The primary advantage of this technology is that it can target drugs and pesticides to the exact location of the human body or plants where they are needed. The cost of application as well as the side effects can be minimized if this technology is utilized. It is also advantageous in so far as random trials on chemicals to develop drugs and hit and fail methods of conventional plant breeding can be avoided. Economics of Biotechnology deals with the organizational mechanisms to accelerate developments in biotechnology, the patents and IPRs necessary to obtain the requisite R & D and compensate the entrepreneurs, and the emerging markets for products of biotechnology and their pricing. It also deals with the implications of modern biotechnology for biodiversity and biosafety and the enabling and regulatory role of the government in its development. Thus the book makes an attempt to introduce the reader to the economics underlying what promises to be the technology of the 21st century. Contents: Organizational Structure IPRs and Patents Investment and Financing Demand, Cost, and Productivity Market Structure and Pricing Ethics and Environment Government Policy Conclusion.
Genre:
Electronic Access:
EBSCOhost http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=268258