Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- 1: Ocean, Biodiversity and Resources -- 1.1. The history of life in the oceans -- 1.2. Specifics of marine biodiversity -- 1.3. Renewable living resources -- 1.3.1. Fisheries -- 1.3.2. Aquaculture -- 1.3.2.1. The farming of carnivorous species -- 1.3.2.2. Impact on the environment -- 1.3.2.3. Introduction of species -- 1.3.2.4. Zootechnical research -- 1.3.2.5. The future of aquaculture -- 1.4. Ocean and public health -- 1.5. Research of molecules of interest of marine origin -- 1.6. Research in marine models (regarding their originality and specificity) -- 1.7. Conclusion -- 1.8. Bibliography -- 2: Pelagic Marine Ecosystems and Biogeochemical Cycles -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.1.1. Ocean dynamics: surface and deep circulation -- 2.1.1.1. Surface circulation and marine currents -- 2.1.1.2. Vertical mixing and deep thermohaline circulation -- 2.2. Marine pelagic ecosystems: from viruses to whales -- 2.2.1. Different points of view on marine pelagic ecosystems -- 2.2.2. Main types of planktonic marine ecosystems -- 2.3. Pelagic ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles: inseparable -- 2.3.1. Dissolved inorganic nutrients -- 2.3.1.1. Essential chemical elements -- 2.3.1.2. Uptake of dissolved inorganic nutrients by pelagic ecosystems -- 2.3.1.3. Recirculation of dissolved inorganic nutrients into the environment -- 2.3.1.4. Vertical transport of dissolved inorganic nutrients -- 2.3.1.5. Biogeochemical cycles involving dissolved inorganic nutrients -- 2.3.2. Dissolved gases -- 2.3.2.1. Gases in pelagic ecosystems -- 2.3.2.2. Uptake of dissolved gases by pelagic ecosystems -- 2.3.2.3. Recirculation of dissolved gases in the environment -- 2.3.2.4. Vertical transport of dissolved gases -- 2.3.2.5. Biogeochemical cycles involving dissolved gases -- 2.3.3. Particulate inorganic carbon.

2.3.3.1. CaCO3 in pelagic ecosystems -- 2.3.3.2. Formation (precipitation) of CaCO3 by pelagic ecosystems -- 2.3.3.3. Dissolution of CaCO3 -- 2.3.3.4. Vertical transport of CaCO3 -- 2.3.3.5. Biogeochemical cycles involving CaCO3 -- 2.3.4. Dissolved organic carbon -- 2.3.4.1. Labile and refractory dissolved organic carbon -- 2.3.4.2. Formation of DOC by pelagic ecosystems -- 2.3.4.3. Circulation of DOC in the environment -- 2.3.4.4. Vertical transport of DOC -- 2.3.5. Particulate organic carbon -- 2.3.5.1. Living and non-living particulate organic carbon -- 2.3.5.2. Formation of POC by pelagic ecosystems -- 2.3.5.3. Recirculation of POC into the environment -- 2.3.5.4. Transformation of size of organic particles -- 2.3.5.5. Vertical transport of POC -- 2.3.5.6. Biogeochemical cycles involving POC -- 2.4. The ocean in the rescue of the planet: carbon pumping and sequestration -- 2.4.1. Carbon pumps and carbon sequestration in the ocean -- 2.4.2. The four ocean carbon pumps -- 2.5. Biogeochemical equilibria, ecosystems and human societies: danger! -- 2.6. Bibliography -- 3: Indicators -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Approach -- 3.2.1. Context: managing human activities in marine ecosystems -- 3.2.2. Why do we need indicators? -- 3.2.3. Formalizing an indicator framework -- 3.3. Selecting indicators -- 3.3.1. Matching indicators with objectives -- 3.3.2. Criteria -- 3.3.3. Selecting indicator suites -- 3.3.4. Indicator lists -- 3.3.5. Illustrations -- 3.3.5.1. Ecosystem objective: normal geographic range of species -- 3.3.5.2. Ecosystem objective: stocks not overexploited -- 3.3.5.3. Ecosystem objective: marine food web functions maintained -- 3.4. From indicators to ecosystem assessment -- 3.4.1. Reference points, states and direction and management objectives -- 3.4.2. Using knowledge and data to define reference points.

3.4.3. Reference points and indicator suites -- 3.4.4. Reference domains and reference directions -- 3.4.5. Integrated assessment -- 3.4.5.1. Composite indices -- 3.4.5.2. Combining indicators or assessments -- 3.5. Giving advice -- 3.6. Indicators in practice -- 3.6.1. Monitoring program -- 3.6.2. Calculation of indicators and their trends -- 3.7. A summary by way of conclusion -- 3.8. Acknowledgments -- 3.9. Bibliography -- 4: The Impact of Global Change on the Dynamics of Marine Living Resources -- 4.1. Fisheries, aquaculture and food supply -- 4.1.1. Introduction -- 4.1.2. Overview of the world aquatic animal food supply -- 4.1.2.1. Global production: official data -- 4.1.2.2. Reported catches versus actual catches -- 4.1.3. A combination of diverse issues and contexts -- 4.1.3.1. A production unevenly distributed among regions -- 4.1.3.2. Wild species versus domesticated species -- 4.1.3.3. Regional dissimilarities in consumption within a globalized fish trade -- 4.1.3.4. Socially integrated coastal fisheries -- 4.1.3.4.1. Highly diversified fishing activities in maritime territories -- 4.1.3.4.2. An uncertain future faced with the growing pressure of global change -- 4.1.4. Climate change impacts on fishery resources -- 4.1.4.1. The on-going transformation of marine habitats -- 4.1.4.2. Common physiological effects on the ectotherms physiology -- 4.1.4.3. Marine communities responses to habitat changes -- 4.1.4.4. The consequences for species of fishing interest -- 4.2. From exploited populations ecology knowledge to fisheries management -- 4.2.1. From observations to modeling hypothesis -- 4.2.2. From the model to ecological concepts -- 4.2.3. Three examples of "demographic strategies" -- 4.2.3.1. The Bay of Biscay anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) -- 4.2.3.2. The Bay of Biscay common sole (Solea solea).

4.2.3.3. The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) -- 4.2.4. Basic concepts for fishery management -- 4.2.4.1. Fishery, fishing capacity and fishing effort -- 4.2.4.2. Exploited populations and fish stocks -- 4.3. From concepts to reality: management and governance -- 4.3.1. Representation of stock-fleet interactions - management objectives -- 4.3.2. The dual overcapacity-overexploitation crisis: fisheries faced with the "tragedy of the commons" -- 4.3.3. The convergence of sector-specific maritime and environmental politics -- 4.3.4. The progressive emergence of the ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) -- 4.4. From EAF to the systemic approach: working toward a better regulation for the usages of marine biodiversity -- 4.4.1. Diadromous fish, under many combined forms of pressure -- 4.4.2. In favor of a systems approach -- 4.5. Appendix -- 4.5.1. Stock assessment models: period 1950-1970 -- 4.5.1.1. Elementary model of population biomass dynamics -- 4.5.1.2. Combining harvesting with logistic growth -- notions of "surplus production model" and MSY -- 4.5.1.3. Elementary bio-economics: notions of rent and MEY -- 4.5.1.4. Comments -- 4.5.2. Structured models of population dynamics -- 4.5.2.1. General definition -- 4.5.2.2. Example: model structured by age -- 4.6. Bibliography -- List of Authors -- Index.