FrontMatter -- Acknowledgment of Reviewers -- Contents -- Summary -- INTRODUCTION -- 1 A Strong Science and Engineering Workforce -- 2 Dimensions of the Problem -- BECOMING SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS -- 3 Preparation -- 4 Access and Motivation -- 5 Affordability -- 6 Academic and Social Support -- CONCLUSION -- 7 The Journey Beyond the Crossroads -- 8 Recommendations and Implementation Actions -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Bibliography -- APPENDIXES -- Appendix A: Charge to the Study Committee -- Appendix B: U.S. Senate Letter to the National Academy of Sciences -- Appendix C: Committee Member Biographies -- Appendix D: Agendas for Public Meetings -- Appendix E: Recommendations on STEM Education from *Rising Above the Gathering Storm* -- Appendix F: Ingredients for Success in STEM -- Appendix G: Baccalaureate Origins of Underrepresented Minority PhDs -- Appendix H: An Agenda for Future Research.