Seafloor Geomorphology as Benthic Habitat : GeoHAB Atlas of Seafloor Geomorphic Features and Benthic Habitats.
Title:
Seafloor Geomorphology as Benthic Habitat : GeoHAB Atlas of Seafloor Geomorphic Features and Benthic Habitats.
Author:
Harris, Peter T.
ISBN:
9780123851413
Personal Author:
Physical Description:
1 online resource (947 pages)
Contents:
Front Cover -- Seafloor Geomorphology as Benthic Habitat -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contributors -- I. Introduction -- 1 Why Map Benthic Habitats? -- General Outline of the Content of This Book -- What Are the Main Purposes of Habitat Mapping? -- What Are Benthic Habitats? -- Potential Habitat Mapping -- Geomorphology and Habitats -- Habitat Mapping Technologies and Approaches -- Sonar Systems -- Remote Sensing Based on Natural or Transmitted Light -- Underwater Cameras -- Seafloor Sampling -- Acknowledgments -- References and further reading -- 2 Habitat Mapping and Marine Management -- Marine Habitat Mapping: A Vital Component in Ecosystem-Based Management -- Introduction -- Adoption of the EBM Approach -- Marine Habitat Mapping to Support EBM -- Habitat Mapping to Support National, Transboundary, and High Seas Marine Management Planning -- Benthic Habitat Mapping Applications -- Habitat Mapping and Fisheries Management -- Assessment of Fishery Resources -- Assessing the Vulnerability of Ecosystems to Fishing Impacts -- Habitat Mapping and the Design of Marine Reserves (MPAs) -- Declaring MPAs Is a Priority for Nations -- How Does Habitat Mapping Assist in Design of MPAs? -- Habitat Mapping in Support of Offshore Development -- Habitat Mapping Contribution to Marine Environmental Assessments -- Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Anthropogenic Threats to Benthic Habitats -- Measuring and Mapping Human Impacts -- Fishing -- Oil and Gas Exploration and Production -- Seismic Surveys -- Drilling and Production Activities -- Oil Spills -- Seabed Mining -- Pollution -- Coastal Development -- Submarine Cables -- Shipping -- Introduction of Exotic Species -- Noise -- Climate Change -- Acidification -- Ocean Warming -- Changes to Ocean Circulation -- Global Sea-Level Rise.
Changes to Evaporation/Precipitation Patterns -- Changes to Storm Intensity and Ocean Swell Waves -- Wind Farms -- Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Biogeography, Benthic Ecology, and Habitat Classification Schemes -- Biodiversity and Biogeography -- Biodiversity -- Endemism -- Biogeographic Provinces -- Relative Species Abundance and Rarity -- Landscape Ecology and the Theory of Island Biogeography -- Patch Theory -- Metapopulations and Source-Sink Population Models -- Causes of Patchiness in Marine Benthic Habitats -- Disturbance as a Cause of Patchiness in Marine Benthic Habitats -- Habitat Recovery Rates -- Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis -- Habitat Connectivity, Scale, and Hierarchy -- Connectivity of Habitats -- Scale and Hierarchy of Habitats -- Hierarchical Classification Systems -- Classification Scheme of Roff et al. (2003) -- EUNIS Classification Scheme -- Classification Scheme of Greene et al. (1999) -- NOAA's Coastal/Marine Ecological Classification Standard -- Integrated Australian Classification Scheme -- Global Open Ocean and Deep Sea-habitats Classification -- Coastal Classification Schemes -- Comparison of Different Schemes -- Bioregionalization-Mapping Biologically Distinctive Regions -- Mapping Bioregions -- Bioregion Boundaries-Fuzzy or Crisp? -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5 Surrogacy -- Niche Theory -- Physical Surrogates -- Direct and Indirect Variables -- False Heterogeneity and False Homogeneity -- Drivers of Some Biophysical Surrogates -- Hard-Substrate Surrogates -- Soft-Substrate Surrogates -- Biological Surrogates -- Surrogacy Analytical Techniques -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Seafloor Geomorphology-Coast, Shelf, and Abyss -- Geomorphology and Geomorphic Features -- Coastal Geomorphic Features and Habitats -- Estuaries -- Fjords.
Continental Shelf Geomorphic Features and Habitats -- Continental Shelf Geomorphology -- Glaciated Coasts and Shelves -- Tropical Coral Reefs -- Temperate Reefs, Seagrass Meadows, and Other Features -- Temperate Rocky Reefs -- Shelf Sediment Banks and Bedforms -- Sills -- Geomorphic Features and Habitats of Continental Slopes -- Submarine Canyons -- Escarpments -- Geomorphic Features of Ocean Basins -- Geomorphic Provinces Map of the World's Deep Ocean -- Ocean Basins -- Abyssal Plain -- Mid-Ocean Ridges -- Troughs, Trenches, and Back-Arc Basins -- Abyssal Hills and Sediment Drapes -- Plateaus -- Seamounts -- Hydrothermal Vents -- Cold Seeps -- Acknowledgments -- References -- II. Case Studies -- 7 Phanerogam Meadows: A Characteristic Habitat of the Mediterranean Shelf-Examples from the Tyrrhenian Sea -- Introduction -- Geomorphic Features and Habitats -- Biological Communities -- Surrogacy -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 Predictive Modeling of Dominant Macroalgae Abundance on Temperate Island Shelves (Azores, Northeast Atlantic) -- Introduction -- Seafloor Surveys -- Biological Surveys -- Geomorphic Features and Habitats -- Biological Communities -- Response Variable -- Explanatory Variables -- Data Intersection and Visualization -- Model Fitting -- Surrogacy -- Benthic Communities -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9 Methane-Related Carbonate Cementation of Marine Sediments and Related Macroalgal Coralligenous Assemblages in the Northern Adriatic Sea -- Introduction -- Geomorphic Features and Habitats -- Biological Communities -- References -- 10 Coastal Kelp Forest Habitat in the Baie des Chaleurs, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada -- Introduction -- Methods -- Geomorphic Features and Habitats -- Biological Communities -- Surrogacy -- Acknowledgments -- References.
11 The Wadden Sea in the Netherlands: Ecotopes in a World Heritage Barrier Island System -- Introduction -- Geomorphic Features, Habitats, and Ecotopes -- Habitats and Ecotopes -- The Ecotopes of the Wadden Sea -- Biological Communities -- Surrogacy -- References -- 12 Sand Wave Field: The OBel Sands, Bristol Channel, UK -- Introduction -- Geomorphic Features and Habitats -- Sand Sheet (Figure 12.1, 1) -- Sand Wave Field (NOBel Sands) (Figure 12.1, 2) -- Isolated Sand Waves (SOBel Sands) (Figure 12.1, 3) -- Platform (Figure 12.1, 4) -- Biological Communities -- Sand Sheet -- Sand Wave Field (NOBel Sands) -- Isolated Sand Waves (SOBel Sands) -- Platform -- Species Richness -- Surrogacy -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 13 Benthic Habitat Variations over Tidal Ridges, North Sea, the Netherlands -- Introduction -- Geomorphic Features and Habitats -- Biological Communities -- Surrogacy -- References -- 14 Fine-Scale Geomorphological Mapping of Sandbank Environments for the Prediction of Macrobenthic Occurrences, Belgian Part of the North Sea -- Introduction -- Geomorphic Features and Habitats -- Biological Communities -- Surrogacy -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 15 Large Submarine Sand Waves and Gravel Lag Substrates on Georges Bank Off Atlantic Canada -- Introduction -- Geomorphic Features and Habitats -- Biological Communities and Surrogacy -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 16 The Yongala's "Halo of Holes"-Systematic Bioturbation Close to a Shipwreck -- Introduction -- Geomorphic Features and Habitat -- Biological Communities -- Surrogacy -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 17 Submarine De Geer Moraines in the Kvarken Archipelago, the Baltic Sea -- Introduction -- Geomorphic Features and Habitats -- Biological Communities -- Surrogacy -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 18 Habitats and Benthos of an Evolving Fjord, Glacier Bay, Alaska.
Introduction -- Geomorphic Features and Habitats of Muir Inlet -- Geomorphic Features and Habitats of Glacier Bay -- Biological Communities -- References -- 19 Geomorphic Features and Benthic Habitats of a Sub-Arctic Fjord: Gilbert Bay, Southern Labrador, Canada -- Introduction -- Multibeam Sonar Data Acquisition and Ground-Truthing -- Sediment Sample and Biota Analysis -- Habitat Classification of Samples and Mapping -- Geomorphic Features, Substrates, and Habitats -- Surrogacy: From Substrate Maps to Habitat Maps -- Discussion -- Geomorphic and Biotic Contributions to Habitat -- Anthropogenic Impacts -- References -- 20 Seabed Character and Habitats of a Rocky Antarctic Coastline: Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica -- Introduction -- Geomorphic Features and Habitats -- Biological Communities -- Surrogacy -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 21 Fringing Reefs of the Seychelles Inner Granitic Islands, Western Indian Ocean -- Introduction -- Geomorphic Features and Habitats -- Biological Communities -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 22 Coral Reefs and Reef Islands of the Amirantes Archipelago, Western Indian Ocean -- Introduction -- Geomorphological Features -- Biological Features -- Surrogacy -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 23 Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Geomorphic Features and Habitats of the Al Wajh Bank Reef System, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea -- Introduction -- Geomorphic Features and Habitats -- Biological Communities -- Surrogacy -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 24 Mesophotic Coral Reefs of the Puerto Rico Shelf -- Introduction -- Geomorphic Features and Habitats -- Bajo de Cico Bank -- Hind Bank MCD -- Biological Communities -- Bajo de Cico Bank -- Hind Bank MCD -- Surrogacy -- Acknowledgments -- References.
25 Geomorphic Features and Infauna Diversity of a Subtropical Mid-Ocean Carbonate Shelf: Lord Howe Island, Southwest Pacific Ocean.
Abstract:
The conservation of marine benthic biodiversity is a recognised goal of a number of national and international programs such as the United Nations Convention on Biodiversity (CBD). In order to attain this goal, information is needed about the distribution of life in the ocean so that spatial conservation measures such as marine protected areas (MPAs) can be designed to maximise protection within boundaries of acceptable dimensions. Ideally, a map would be produced that showed the distribution of benthic biodiversity to enable the efficient design of MPAs. The dilemma is that such maps do not exist for most areas and it is not possible at present to predict the spatial distribution of all marine life using the sparse biological information currently available. Knowledge of the geomorphology and biogeography of the seafloor has improved markedly over the past 10 years. Using multibeam sonar, the benthic ecology of submarine features such as fjords, sand banks, coral reefs, seamounts, canyons, mud volcanoes and spreading ridges has been revealed in unprecedented detail. This book provides a synthesis of seabed geomorphology and benthic habitats based on the most recent, up-to-date information. Introductory chapters explain the drivers that underpin the need for benthic habitat maps, including threats to ocean health, the habitat mapping approach based on principles of biogeography and benthic ecology and seabed (geomorphic) classification schemes. Case studies from around the world are then presented. They represent a range of seabed features where detailed bathymetric maps have been combined with seabed video and sampling to yield an integrated picture of the benthic communities that are associated with different types of benthic habitat. The final chapter examines critical knowledge gaps and future directions for benthic habitat mapping research.
Reviews and compares the different methodologies currently being used Includes global case studies Provides geological expertise into what has traditionally been a biological discipline.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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