Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Preface to the Third Edition -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Introduction -- Part I Fundamentals -- Chapter 1 Solar Radiation -- 1.1 The Sun -- 1.2 The Solar Constant -- 1.3 Spectral Distribution of Extraterrestrial Radiation -- 1.4 Variation of Extraterrestrial Radiation -- 1.5 Definitions -- 1.6 Direction of Beam Radiation -- 1.7 Angles for Tracking Surfaces -- 1.8 Ratio of Beam Radiation on Tilted Surface to That on Horizontal Surface -- 1.9 Shading -- 1.10 Extraterrestrial Radiation on a Horizontal Surface -- 1.11 Summary -- References -- Chapter 2 Available Solar Radiation -- 2.1 Definitions -- 2.2 Pyrheliometers and Pyrheliometric Scales -- 2.3 Pyranometers -- 2.4 Measurement of Duration of Sunshine -- 2.5 Solar Radiation Data -- 2.6 Atmospheric Attenuation of Solar Radiation -- 2.7 Estimation of Average Solar Radiation -- 2.8 Estimation of Clear-Sky Radiation -- 2.9 Distribution of Clear and Cloudy Days and Hours -- 2.10 Beam and Diffuse Components of Hourly Radiation -- 2.11 Beam and Diffuse Components of Daily Radiation -- 2.12 Beam and Diffuse Components of Monthly Radiation -- 2.13 Estimation of Hourly Radiation from Daily Data -- 2.14 Radiation on Sloped Surfaces -- 2.15 Radiation on Sloped Surfaces: Isotropic Sky -- 2.16 Radiation on Sloped Surfaces: Anisotropic Sky -- 2.17 Radiation Augmentation -- 2.18 Beam Radiation on Moving Surfaces -- 2.19 Average Radiation on Sloped Surfaces: Isotropic Sky -- 2.20 Average Radiation on Sloped Surfaces: KT Method -- 2.21 Effects of Receiving Surface Orientation on HT -- 2.22 Utilizability -- 2.23 Generalized Utilizability -- 2.24 Daily Utilizability -- 2.25 Summary -- References -- Chapter 3 Selected Heat Transfer Topics -- 3.1 The Electromagnetic Spectrum.

3.2 Photon Radiation -- 3.3 The Blackbody: Perfect Absorber and Emitter -- 3.4 Planck's Law and Wien's Displacement Law -- 3.5 Stefan-Boltzmann Equation -- 3.6 Radiation Tables -- 3.7 Radiation Intensity and Flux -- 3.8 Infrared Radiation Exchange between Gray Surfaces -- 3.9 Sky Radiation -- 3.10 Radiation Heat Transfer Coefficient -- 3.11 Natural Convection between Flat Parallel Plates and between Concentric Cylinders -- 3.12 Convection Suppression -- 3.13 Vee-Corrugated Enclosures -- 3.14 Heat Transfer Relations for Internal Flow -- 3.15 Wind Convection Coefficients -- 3.16 Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Packed Beds and Perforated Plates -- 3.17 Effectiveness-NTU Calculations for Heat Exchangers -- References -- Chapter 4 Radiation Characteristics of Opaque Materials -- 4.1 Absorptance and Emittance -- 4.2 Kirchhoff's Law -- 4.3 Reflectance of Surfaces -- 4.4 Relationships among Absorptance, Emittance, and Reflectance -- 4.5 Broadband Emittance and Absorptance -- 4.6 Calculation of Emittance and Absorptance -- 4.7 Measurement of Surface Radiation Properties -- 4.8 Selective Surfaces -- 4.9 Mechanisms of Selectivity -- 4.10 Optimum Properties -- 4.11 Angular Dependence of Solar Absorptance -- 4.12 Absorptance of Cavity Receivers -- 4.13 Specularly Reflecting Surfaces -- References -- Chapter 5 Radiation Transmission through Glazing: Absorbed Radiation -- 5.1 Reflection of Radiation -- 5.2 Absorption by Glazing -- 5.3 Optical Properties of Cover Systems -- 5.4 Transmittance for Diffuse Radiation -- 5.5 Transmittance-Absorptance Product -- 5.6 Angular Dependence of (τα) -- 5.7 Spectral Dependence of Transmittance -- 5.8 Effects of Surface Layers on Transmittance -- 5.9 Absorbed Solar Radiation -- 5.10 Monthly Average Absorbed Radiation -- 5.11 Absorptance of Rooms.

5.12 Absorptance of Photovoltaic Cells -- 5.13 Summary -- References -- Chapter 6 Flat-Plate Collectors -- 6.1 Description of Flat-Plate Collectors -- 6.2 Basic Flat-Plate Energy Balance Equation -- 6.3 Temperature Distributions in Flat-Plate Collectors -- 6.4 Collector Overall Heat Loss Coefficient -- 6.5 Temperature Distribution between Tubes and the Collector Efficiency Factor -- 6.6 Temperature Distribution in Flow Direction -- 6.7 Collector Heat Removal Factor and Flow Factor -- 6.8 Critical Radiation Level -- 6.9 Mean Fluid and Plate Temperatures -- 6.10 Effective Transmittance-Absorptance Product -- 6.11 Effects of Dust and Shading -- 6.12 Heat Capacity Effects in Flat-Plate Collectors -- 6.13 Liquid Heater Plate Geometries -- 6.14 Air Heaters -- 6.15 Measurements of Collector Performance -- 6.16 Collector Characterizations -- 6.17 Collector Tests: Efficiency, Incidence Angle Modifier, and Time Constant -- 6.18 Test Data -- 6.19 Thermal Test Data Conversion -- 6.20 Flow Rate Corrections to FR(τα)n and FR UL -- 6.21 Flow Distribution in Collectors -- 6.22 In Situ Collector Performance -- 6.23 Practical Considerations for Flat-Plate Collectors -- 6.24 Putting it all Together -- 6.25 Summary -- References -- Chapter 7 Concentrating Collectors -- 7.1 Collector Configurations -- 7.2 Concentration Ratio -- 7.3 Thermal Performance of Concentrating Collectors -- 7.4 Optical Performance of Concentrating Collectors -- 7.5 Cylindrical Absorber Arrays -- 7.6 Optical Characteristics of Nonimaging Concentrators -- 7.7 Orientation and Absorbed Energy for CPC Collectors -- 7.8 Performance of CPC Collectors -- 7.9 Linear Imaging Concentrators: Geometry -- 7.10 Images Formed by Perfect Linear Concentrators -- 7.11 Images from Imperfect Linear Concentrators.

7.12 Ray-Trace Methods for Evaluating Concentrators -- 7.13 Incidence Angle Modifiers and Energy Balances -- 7.14 Paraboloidal Concentrators -- 7.15 Central-Receiver Collectors -- 7.16 Practical Considerations -- References -- Chapter 8 Energy Storage -- 8.1 Process Loads and Solar Collector Outputs -- 8.2 Energy Storage in Solar Process Systems -- 8.3 Water Storage -- 8.4 Stratification in Storage Tanks -- 8.5 Packed-Bed Storage -- 8.6 Storage Walls -- 8.7 Seasonal Storage -- 8.8 Phase Change Energy Storage -- 8.9 Chemical Energy Storage -- 8.10 Battery Storage -- References -- Chapter 9 Solar Process Loads -- 9.1 Examples of Time-Dependent Loads -- 9.2 Hot-Water Loads -- 9.3 Space Heating Loads, Degree-Days, and Balance Temperature -- 9.4 Building Loss Coefficients -- 9.5 Building Energy Storage Capacity -- 9.6 Cooling Loads -- 9.7 Swimming Pool Heating Loads -- References -- Chapter 10 System Thermal Calculations -- 10.1 Component Models -- 10.2 Collector Heat Exchanger Factor -- 10.3 Duct and Pipe Loss Factors -- 10.4 Controls -- 10.5 Collector Arrays: Series Connections -- 10.6 Performance of Partially Shaded Collectors -- 10.7 Series Arrays with Sections Having Different Orientations -- 10.8 Use of Modified Collector Equations -- 10.9 System Models -- 10.10 Solar Fraction and Solar Savings Fraction -- 10.11 Summary -- References -- Chapter 11 Solar Process Economics -- 11.1 Costs of Solar Process Systems -- 11.2 Design Variables -- 11.3 Economic Figures of Merit -- 11.4 Discounting and Inflation -- 11.5 Present-Worth Factor -- 11.6 Life-Cycle Savings Method -- 11.7 Evaluation of Other Economic Indicators -- 11.8 The P1, P2 Method -- 11.9 Uncertainties in Economic Analyses -- 11.10 Economic Analysis Using Solar Savings Fraction -- 11.11 Summary -- References -- Part II Applications -- Chapter 12 Solar Water Heating: Active and Passive.

12.1 Water Heating Systems -- 12.2 Freezing, Boiling, and Scaling -- 12.3 Auxiliary Energy -- 12.4 Forced-Circulation Systems -- 12.5 Low-Flow Pumped Systems -- 12.6 Natural-Circulation Systems -- 12.7 Integral Collector Storage Systems -- 12.8 Retrofit Water Heaters -- 12.9 Water Heating in Space Heating and Cooling Systems -- 12.10 Testing and Rating of Solar Water Heaters -- 12.11 Economics of Solar Water Heating -- 12.12 Swimming Pool Heating -- 12.13 Summary -- References -- Chapter 13 Building Heating: Active -- 13.1 Historical Notes -- 13.2 Solar Heating Systems -- 13.3 CSU House III Flat-Plate Liquid System -- 13.4 CSU House II Air System -- 13.5 Heating System Parametric Study -- 13.6 Solar Energy-Heat Pump Systems -- 13.7 Phase Change Storage Systems -- 13.8 Seasonal Energy Storage Systems -- 13.9 Solar and Off-Peak Electric Systems -- 13.10 Solar System Overheating -- 13.11 Solar Heating Economics -- 13.12 Architectural Considerations -- References -- Chapter 14 Building Heating: Passive and Hybrid Methods -- 14.1 Concepts of Passive Heating -- 14.2 Comfort Criteria and Heating Loads -- 14.3 Movable Insulation and Controls -- 14.4 Shading: Overhangs and Wingwalls -- 14.5 Direct-Gain Systems -- 14.6 Collector-Storage Walls and Roofs -- 14.7 Sunspaces -- 14.8 Active Collection-Passive Storage Hybrid Systems -- 14.9 Other Hybrid Systems -- 14.10 Passive Applications -- 14.11 Heat Distribution in Passive Buildings -- 14.12 Costs and Economics of Passive Heating -- References -- Chapter 15 Solar Cooling -- 15.1 Solar Absorption Cooling -- 15.2 Theory of Absorption Cooling -- 15.3 Combined Solar Heating and Cooling -- 15.4 Simulation Study of Solar Air Conditioning -- 15.5 Operating Experience with Solar Cooling -- 15.6 Applications of Solar Absorption Air Conditioning -- 15.7 Solar Desiccant Cooling.

15.8 Ventilation and Recirculation Desiccant Cycles.