Lexical-Functional Syntax -- Contents -- Preface to the First Edition -- What is LFG? -- How is it different? -- What is in this book? -- What is not in this book? -- How to use this book -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Acknowledgments -- First edition -- Second edition -- Part I Motivation for the LFG Architecture -- Introduction -- 1 Nonconfigurationality -- Further reading -- 2 Movement Paradoxes -- 2.1 Theoretical assumptions -- Further reading and discussion -- 3 Lexicality and Argument Structure -- 3.1 Two approaches to passive relation changes -- 3.2 The lexicality of relation changes -- 3.2.1 English passive verb forms -- 3.2.2 Adjectives versus verbs -- 3.2.3 Participle-adjective conversion -- 3.2.4 Passive participles convert to adjectives -- 3.2.5 Differences between adjectival and verbal passives explained -- 3.2.6 Differences between adjectival and verbal passives unexplained -- 3.2.7 Conclusion: passivization is lexical -- 3.3 Passivization with and without movement -- Further reading and discussion -- Part II Formally Modeling the Architecture -- Introduction -- 4 A Formal Model of Syntactic Structure -- 4.1 Design principles -- 4.1.1 Principle I: variability -- 4.1.2 Principle II: universality -- 4.1.3 Principle III: monotonicity -- 4.2 The definition of f-structures -- 4.3 The description of f-structures -- 4.4 The correspondence between c- and f-structures -- 4.5 The solution algorithm -- Problems -- 4.6 Defining versus constraining equations -- 4.7 Completeness and coherence -- Problems -- 4.8 Functional uncertainty -- 4.9 Sets of f-structures -- 4.10 Conclusion -- Further reading -- 5 Monotonicity and Some of Its Consequences -- 5.1 Monotonicity -- 5.2 Relation changes and monotonicity -- 5.3 Information and form -- 5.3.1 The fragmentability of language -- 5.3.2 The nonconfigurationality of language.

5.3.3 Apparent information flow through external structure -- 5.3.4 Noncompositionality -- 5.4 Conclusion -- Part III Inflectional Morphology and Phrase Structure Variation -- Introduction -- 6 A Theory of Structure-Function Mappings -- 6.1 Grammatical functions -- 6.1.1 Basics of grammatical functions -- 6.1.2 Classification of grammatical functions -- 6.2 The organization of c-structure categories -- 6.2.1 Endocentricity and X' structures -- 6.2.2 Endocentric mapping to f-structure -- Problems -- 6.3 Exocentric categories -- 6.3.1 Lexocentricity and S -- 6.3.2 S and endocentricity -- 6.3.3 Nonprojecting words -- 6.3.4 Summary of the structure-function principles -- 6.4 Toward a typology -- 6.5 Effects of economy of expression -- Further reading and discussion -- Appendix: X' theory -- 7 Endocentricity and Heads -- 7.1 Head mobility -- 7.1.1 Verb order in Welsh -- 7.2 Endocentricity and extended heads -- 7.3 Distributed exponence -- 7.3.1 Wambaya c-structure -- 7.3.2 The Wambaya tense system -- 7.4 Conclusion -- Problems -- Exercise -- Verbal elements in English, Swedish, and French -- 8 Pronoun Incorporation and Agreement -- 8.1 Chicheŵa -- 8.1.1 Word order -- 8.1.2 Independent pronouns -- 8.1.3 Contrastive focus -- 8.1.4 Interrogatives and relatives -- 8.1.5 Other syntactic and phonological differences -- 8.1.6 Functional ambiguity of subject and topic -- 8.2 Navajo -- Exercise 1 -- Exercise 2 -- 8.3 Plains Cree and inverse agreement -- Exercise 3 -- Problems -- 8.4 Two types of agreement: index and concord -- Exercise 4 -- 8.5 Conclusion -- Further reading and discussion -- 9 Topicalization and Scrambling -- 9.1 English topicalization -- 9.2 Russian topicalization -- 9.3 Economy of expression -- Problems -- 9.4 Topicalization versus scrambling -- 9.5 Detecting empty categories -- Exercise -- Further reading and discussion -- The crossover effect.

Two types of null pronominals -- Generalization to operator complexes -- Other factors -- Part IV On Functional Structures: Binding, Predication, and Control -- Introduction -- 10 Basic Binding Theory -- 10.1 Basic concepts -- 10.2 A toy binding theory -- 10.3 Principle C -- Further reading and discussion -- 10.4 Formalization of the binding constraints -- 11 Types of Bound Anaphors -- 11.1 Dimensions of anaphoric binding -- 11.2 Icelandic: subjective and anti-subjective pronouns -- 11.3 Norwegian: subjective/nuclear pronouns -- 11.4 Logophoricity versus subjectivity -- Further reading and discussion -- 11.5 The typology of reflexives and the origins of nuclearity -- Further reading and discussion -- Formalization -- 12 Predication Relations -- 12.1 Predicate complements versus adjuncts -- 12.2 F-structures of XCOMPs -- Exercise 1 -- Exercise 2 -- 12.3 F-structure of PP complements -- 12.4 C-structure of predicate complements -- 12.5 Raising -- Further reading and discussion -- 13 Anaphoric Control -- 13.1 Gerundive versus participial VPs in English -- 13.2 Structure of gerundive VPs -- 13.3 Anaphoric control versus functional control -- 13.4 Conclusion -- Problems -- Further reading and discussion -- 14 From Argument Structure to Functional Structure -- 14.1 What is argument structure? -- 14.2 The theory of a-structures -- 14.3 Mapping a-structures to syntactic functions -- 14.4 Examples and consequences -- 14.4.1 Unaccusatives -- 14.4.2 Resultatives -- 14.4.3 "Fake" reflexives and "nonsubcategorized objects" -- 14.4.4 Word order of internal/external arguments -- 14.4.5 Ditransitives -- 14.4.6 Interactions of passive and raising -- 14.4.7 Morphology that adds or suppresses a-structure roles -- Problems -- Further reading and discussion -- Symmetrical/asymmetrical object properties, passive, and inversion.

Nominalizations and derivational morphology -- Agentive objects -- Complex predicates -- Resultatives -- Proto-roles -- Argument roles -- Argument structure binding -- Part V Problem Sets and Solutions -- Introduction -- Problem Set 1 -- P1.1 Warlpiri -- P1.2 Monsters and how to avoid them -- Problem Set 2 -- P2.1 Spanish -- P2.1.1 The basic sentence pattern -- P2.1.2 Clitics -- P2.1.3 Clitic doubling -- P2.2 Moroccan Arabic -- P2.3 Irish -- P2.3.1 Person/number inflection -- P2.3.2 Interactions with syntactic facts -- P2.4 Noun incorporation in Greenlandic -- P2.4.1 Morphological ergativity -- P2.4.2 Noun incorporation -- P2.4.3 The problem -- P2.4.4 Sublexical structure -- Problem Set 3 -- P3.1 C-structures and grammatical functions -- P3.2 Subjecthood -- P3.3 Ivatan syntax -- P3.4 Sinhala c-structure -- P3.5 Barasano c-structure -- Problem Set 4 -- P4.1 German word order -- P4.1.1 Subordinate clauses -- P4.1.2 Main clauses -- P4.2 Person and number marking in Wambaya -- P4.3 Head-marking in K'ichee' -- P4.4 Subject agreement in West Flemish -- P4.4.1 Subject agreement in subordinate clauses -- P4.4.2 Subject agreement in main clauses -- Problem Set 5 -- P5.1 Discontinuous dependencies in open complement constructions -- P5.1.1 Dutch dependent clauses -- P5.1.2 Japanese causatives -- P5.2 Case and grammatical functions -- P5.2.1 "Quirky" case in Icelandic -- P5.2.2 Second predicates in Russian -- P5.2.3 Icelandic case marking and control -- P5.3 Anaphoric binding -- P5.3.1 Finnish possessive suffixes I -- P5.3.2 Finnish possessive suffixes II -- P5.3.3 Japanese reflexives -- Problem Set 6 -- P6.1 Unaccusatives -- P6.1.1 Italian -- P6.1.2 Russian -- P6.1.3 Empty there in English -- P6.2 Reflexives: Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian -- P6.3 Passive, causative, and applicative in Chicheŵa -- Solutions to Selected Problems -- Problem Set 1 -- P1.1 Warlpiri.

Problem Set 2 -- P2.1 Spanish -- P2.2 Moroccan Arabic -- P2.3 Irish -- P2.4 Noun incorporation in Greenlandic -- Problem Set 4 -- P4.1 German word order -- P4.2 Person and number marking in Wambaya -- P4.4 Subject agreement in West Flemish -- References for the Problems -- Problem Set 1 -- Problem Set 2 -- Problem Set 3 -- Problem Set 4 -- Problem Set 5 -- Problem Set 6 -- References -- Language Index -- Subject Index -- EULA.