Low-Altitude Wind Shear and Its Hazard to Aviation -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Executive Summary -- Near-Term Actions -- Information and Education -- Low-Level Wind Shear Alert System -- Pilot Training -- Medium-Term Actions -- Airborne Alert of Wind-Shear Encounters -- Long-Term Actions -- Terminal Doppler Radar -- Airborne Remote Detectors -- Time Phasing -- Research Needs -- Meteorology -- Aircraft Performance and Operations -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- General -- Detection and Prediction -- Aircraft Performance and Operations -- Research -- 1 Introduction -- INCIDENT/ACCIDENT RECORDS -- FAA WIND-SHEAR PROGRAM ACTIVITIES -- 2 Low-Altitude Wind Shear -- THE NATURE OF LOW-ALTITUDE WIND SHEAR -- Convective Outflows -- Gust Fronts -- Gravity and/or Solitary Waves -- Sea-Breeze Fronts -- Air-Mass Fronts -- Terrain-Induced Wind Shear -- Mountain Waves -- Low-Level Jet Streams -- Tornadoes -- GROUND-BASED SENSING OF LOW-ALTITUDE WIND SHEAR -- Low-Level Wind Shear Alert System -- Pressure Sensors -- Ground-Based Microwave Radar -- Microwave Doppler Radar -- Next Generation Radar (NEXRAD) -- A Terminal Radar for Wind-Shear Detection -- Remote Sensing by Means of FM-CW Radar -- Longer-Wavelength Profiling Radar -- Doppler Lidar -- Acoustic Sounding -- AIRBORNE REMOTE SENSING OF WIND SHEAR -- Microwave Doppler Radar -- Doppler Lidar -- Passive Infrared Radiometry -- INTERPRETATION AND COMMUNICATION TO AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS AND PILOTS -- WIND-SHEAR PREDICTION -- NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE INTERACTION WITH THE FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION -- Dissemination of Weather Advisories -- 3 Aircraft Performance and Operations -- WIND-SHEAR WARNINGS -- COCKPIT PROCEDURES AND TRAINING -- FAA Regulations -- Operating Procedures -- AVOIDING IMMINENT GROUND CONTACT -- Training Programs -- Wind-Shear Modeling for Training Simulators -- PERFORMANCE IN WIND SHEAR.

Airplane Response to Wind Shear -- Takeoff in Wind Shears -- Altitude Loss in Wind Shear on Landing Approach -- General Aviation Aircraft -- GUIDANCE AND CONTROL AIDS -- Airborne Warning Systems -- Manual and Automatic Control Systems -- 4 Conclusions -- 5 Recommendations -- GENERAL -- DETECTION AND PREDICTION -- AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE AND OPERATIONS -- RESEARCH -- Appendix A Wind-Shear PIREPs -- Appendix B Example of a Modern Wind-Shear Penetration System -- APPROACH AND LANDING -- GO-AROUND -- TAKEOFF -- DISPLAYS DRIVEN FROM THE FCC AND TMC -- Appendix C References and Bibliography -- Appendix D Glossary of Acronyms and Abbreviations Used in the Text.