BIOFOULING: TYPES, IMPACT AND ANTI-FOULING -- BIOFOULING: TYPES, IMPACT AND ANTI-FOULING -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- LIFE STRATEGIES OF MARINE SESSILE ORGANISMS AS AN APPROACH FOR EXPLORATION OF STRUCTURE AND SUCCESSION OF FOULING COMMUNITIES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Development of Fouling Communities -- Problem -- Life Strategies. New Approach to an Old Problem -- Task -- Study Area -- Development of Fouling Communities in the White Sea -- MATHERIAL AND METODS -- Tested Species -- Used Characteristics -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Definitive Size -- Life Span -- Growth Rate -- Fertility and the Volume of Larval Pool -- Tolerance to Changes in Main Environmental Factors (Temperature, Salinity) -- Edificatory Abilities of Monospecific Settlements -- Attachment Strength -- Pumping Rate -- Resistance to Invasion of other Fouling Organisms -- Species position in Ramenskii-Grime Coordinate System -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- GENERAL DEFENSE MECHANISMS OF THE INTEGUMENT AGAINST BIO-COATING IN AQUATIC MAMMALS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THE SPECIAL BIOTOPE CONDITIONS ON THE EPIDERMAL SURFACE -- THE MORE GENERAL DEFENSE APPROACH: FREE SUGARS -- THE MORE SOPHISTICATED DEFENSE: INNATE IMMUNITY -- SPECIFIC CONDITIONS IN DOLPHINS -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- MARINE BIOFOULING IN HEAT EXCHANGERS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. THE PROBLEM OF FOULING IN SEAWATER SYSTEMS -- 1.1. Cooling Water Systems in Coastal Facilities -- 1.2. Problems Caused by Fouling in Heat Exchangers -- a) Operational Problems -- b) Costs due to Heat Exchanger Fouling -- Capital Expenditure -- Maintenance Costs -- Costs due to Production Loss -- 1.3. Fouling Mitigation Treatments -- Chlorine -- Film-Forming/Dispersing Additives: Mexel®432 -- Ultraviolet Light (UV) -- 1.4. Environmental Impacts of the Treatments -- Environmental Impact of Chlorine.

Environmental Impact of Mexel®432 -- Environmental Impact of UV -- 2. TECHNIQUES FOR MONITORING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FOULING -- 2.1. In-situ Studies: Pilot Plant for Monitoring the Fouling -- 2.2. Indirect Methods for the Quantification of Fouling -- 2.3. Direct Methods for the Characterization of Fouling -- 2.3.1. Physico-Chemical Methods -- CHNS -- 2.3.2. Molecular Methods -- Biofilm Sample Harvest and Pretreatment -- Genomic DNA Extraction and PCR Amplification of Bacterial 16S rDNA Gene -- Construction of Clones Libraries and Sequencing of 16S rDNA -- Bioinformatic Analysis -- 2.4. Modelization for Fouling Progression -- 3. A PARTICULAR IN SITU STUDY: "LOS BARRIOS" POWER STATION (ALGECIRAS BAY, SPAIN) -- 3.1. Assays Description -- 3.2. Biofouling Characterization -- 3.2.1. Results of Physico-Chemical Characterization of Fouling -- Effect on the Amount of Fouling -- Effect on the Fouling Composition -- Effect on the Transport Properties -- 3.2.2. Results of Molecular Characterization of Fouling -- 3.3. Assessment Environmental of the Cooling Water Discharges -- 3.3.1. Persistence of Chemicals in Seawater -- 3.3.2. Acute Toxicity of Chemical Antifouling -- 3.3.3. Chronic Toxicity of Chemical Antifouling -- 3.4. Engineering and Economical Implications -- 4. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES -- 4.1. Overall Evaluation Matrix for Antifouling Treatment Choice -- 4.2. Microbial Methods to Control Biofouling: Quorum Sensing -- REFERENCES -- BIOFOULING AND ANTI-FOULING OF MEDICAL DEVICES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CURRENT METHODS OF ANTI-FOULING -- 2.1. Urinary Catheter -- 2.2. Central Venous Catheter -- 2.3. Dental Unit Water Line (DUWL) -- 3. BIOFILMS IN BIOFOULING -- 4. ANTIBIOFILM TECHNOLOGIES -- 4.1. Protamine Sulfate and Chlorhexidine (PS/CHX) Combination -- 4.1.1.Protamine Sulfate (PS) -- 4.1.2. Chlorhexidine (CHX).

4.1.3. PS/CHX Combination Test Results -- 4.2. GlmU Inhibitor and Protamine Sulfate (oPDM/PS) Combination -- 4.2.1. GlmU Enzyme Inhibitors -- 4.2.2. oPDM/PS Test Results -- 4.3. Ovotransferrin, Protamine Sulfate and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (OT/PS/EDTA) Combination -- 4.3.1. Ovotransferrin (OT) -- 4.3.2. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) -- 4.3.3. OT/PS/EDTA Test Results -- 4.4. Triclosan and DispersinB® (TCSN/DspB) Combination -- 4.4.1. Triclosan (TCSN) -- 4.4.2. DispersinB® (DspB) -- 4.4.3. TCSN/DspB Test Results -- 4.5. Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Metaperiodate and Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SB/SMP/SDS) Combination -- 4.5.1. Sodium Bicarbonate (SB) -- 4.5.2. Sodium metaperiodate (SMP) -- 4.5.3. Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) -- 4.5.4. SB/SMP/SDS Test Results -- 5. CONCLUSION -- 6. REFERENCES -- FORCE MEASUREMENTS OF BACTERIAL ADHESION TO METALS USING A CELL PROBE IN ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION - -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- GREEN ANTI-BIOFOULING STRATEGIES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CURRENT ISSUES ON BIOFOULING CONTROL -- ENZYMES -- PHAGES -- MICROBIAL INTERACTIONS/METABOLITE MOLECULES -- PHYTOCHEMICALS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR ANTIFOULING TREATMENTS OF COOLING CIRCUITS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Cleaning Methods -- In Service Mechanical Cleaning -- Chlorination -- Alternatives to Chlorine -- MONITORING -- The BIOX system -- The Integrated Monitoring System BIOX -- Optimisation of Chlorine Dioxide Treatments -- Monitoring of Peracetic Acid Treatments -- Monitoring of Combined Mechanical and Chemical Treatments -- Biofouling Prevention by Anodic Polarization on titanium -- Inhibition of Biofilm on Titanium Tubes -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- SURFACE MODIFICATION OF MEMBRANES FOR ANTIBIOFOULING.

ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEMBRANE BIOFOULING -- 3. EFFECT OF MEMBRANE SURFACE PROPERTIES ON THE ADHESION OF BACTERIA -- 3.1. Effect of Hydrophobicity -- 3.2. Effect of Surface Charge -- 3.3. Effect of Surface Morphology -- 4. SURFACE MODIFICATION FOR ANTIBIOFOULING -- 4.1. Surface Hydrophilization for Antibiofouling in MBR -- Plasma Treatment -- Plasma-assisted Immobilization -- UV-induced Graft Polymerization -- Surface Segregation -- Surface Immobilization of TiO2 Nanoparticles -- 4.2. Surface Immobilization of Antibacterial Agents -- Photocatalytic Bactericidal TiO2 -- Silver Nanoparticles -- Cationic Compounds -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- PHARMACEUTICALS AS ANTIFOULANTS: INHIBITION OF GROWTH AND EFFECTS ON ADHESION OF MARINE BACTERIA -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- Test Pharmaceuticals -- Pharmaceutical Preparation -- Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria from Marine Biofilms -- Disk Inhibition Assay -- Bacterial Growth in Broth in the Presence of Pharmaceuticals -- Effect of Pharmaceuticals on Adhesion of Bacteria -- Effect of Pharmaceuticals on Previously Attached Cells -- Effect of Pharmaceuticals on Substratum Wettability -- RESULTS -- Marine Biofilm Bacteria Isolation -- Disk Inhibition Assay -- Growth Assay -- Adhesion to Microplates -- Effect of Pharmaceuticals on Surface Wettability -- Effect of Pharmaceuticals on Adhesion -- Effect of Pharmaceuticals on Previously Attached Cells -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- PROTEIN-RESISTANT SURFACES BASED ON POLYMER COATINGS: A STUDY OF HYPERBRANCHED POLYGLYCEROLS AND POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL ON GOLD AND PDMS SURFACES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- POLYMER SYNTHESIS, GRAFTING PROTOCOL AND SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS -- On Gold Surfaces -- On PDMS Surfaces.

NON-SPECIFIC PROTEIN ADSORPTION ON POLYMER COATED SURFACE -- On Gold Surface -- On PDMS Surface -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- DEPOSITION OF COLLOIDAL PARTICLES FROM ELECTROKINETIC FLOW SUSPENSION IN A MICROFLUIDIC CHANNEL -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THEORY -- 2.1. Langevin Equation -- 2.2. Particle Velocity -- 2.3. Particle Diffusivity -- 2.4. Forces of Interaction -- 2.4.1. Hydrodynamic Forces -- 2.4.2. Colloidal and External Forces -- 2.5. Brownian Motion -- 3. SIMULATION -- 4. EXPERIMENT -- 4.1. Flow Cell -- 4.2. Experimental System -- 5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 5.1. Effect of Electrolyte Concentration -- 5.2. Effect of Applied Field Strength -- 5.3. Effect of Particle Size -- 5.4. Interaction Energy Barrier and Electrokinetic Deposition Kinetics -- 6. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- COLONIZATION OF BLUE MUSSELS (MYTILUS EDULIS) ON OFFSHORE WAVE POWER INSTALLATIONS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THE LYSEKIL RESEARCH SITE -- MATERIAL AND METHODS -- STATISTICAL ANALYSES AND CALCULATIONS -- RESULTS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- ANTIFOULING ACTIVITY OF MARINE PAINTS STUDIED BY SCANNING ELECTRON AND CONFOCAL LASER MICROSCOPIES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 2.1. Antifouling Coatings -- 2.2. Preparation of Paint -- 2.3. Sample Preparation for SEM and EDX Analysis -- 2.4. Sample Preparation for CLSM Observation -- 2.5. Seawater Exposure Method -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Biocides Distribution and Erosion -- Hydration -- Antifouling Activity -- 4. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- EXPERIMENTAL LOW-COST TOOL TO REDUCE BIOFOULING IN THE ADRIATIC OYSTER LONGLINE CULTURE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- Oyster Containers and Wave-brush Structure -- Sea trials -- Data Processing -- Video Analysis of Biofouling -- RESULTS -- Oyster Spat Growth.

Analysis of Biofouling.