Front Matter -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- PART I Framing the Policy Issues -- 1 Growing Vulnerability in the Information Age -- 2 Cryptography: Roles, Market, and Infrastructure -- 3 Needs for Access to Encrypted Information -- 4 Export Controls -- 5 Escrowed Encryption and Related Issues -- 6 Other Dimensions of National Cryptography Policy -- PART III Policy Options, Findings, and Recommendations -- 7 Policy Options for the Future -- 8 Synthesis, Findings, and Recommendations -- A Contributors to the NRC Project on National Cryptography Policy -- B Glossary -- C A Brief Primer on Cryptography -- D An Overview of Electronic Surveillance: History and Current Status -- E A Brief History of Cryptography Policy -- F A Brief Primer on Intelligence -- G The International Scope of Cryptography Policy -- H Summary of Important Requirements for a Public-Key Infrastructure -- I Industry-Specific Dimensions of Security -- J Examples of Risks Posed by Unprotected Information -- K Cryptographic Applications Programming Interfaces -- L Other Looming Issues Related to Cryptography Policy -- M Federal Information Processing Standards -- N Laws, Documents, and Regulations, Relevant to Cryptography -- Index.