The Categorization of Spatial Entities in Language and Cognition -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Contributors -- Introduction -- 1. The categorization of spatial entities in different research fields -- 1.1. Categorization -- 1.2. Previous work -- 1.3. Open issues -- 2. Towards new directions: An overview of the contents of this volume -- 2.1. Spatial entities and the structures of languages: Descriptive work -- 2.2. Spatial categorization in language and cognition: Psycholinguistic and developmental studies -- 2.3. Characterizing categories of spatial entities: Formal ontology and formal semantics -- 3. Conclusion and prospects -- References -- Spatial entities and the structures of languages: Descriptive work -- A taxonomy of basic natural entities -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basic material entities -- 3. Spatial and material entities -- 4. Count entities and masses -- 5. Masses and aggregates -- 6. Aggregates and collections -- 7. Mixtures -- 8. Mixtures and the use of the preposition in -- 9. Conclusion -- References -- On the spatial meaning of contre in French -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Sketching three different types of prototypical schemata -- 2.1. The force exertion originates in the figure -- 2.2. The force exertion originates in the ground entity -- 2.3. Opposite force exertion from two entities of the same class of objects -- 3. Three cases where contre cannot be directly associated with force exertion -- 3.1. Tension reduced to a perceptive effect of contact and proximity -- 3.2. Visual contrast between entities reduced to their two-dimensional contour -- 3.3. Direction and facing position -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- The prepositions par and à travers and the categorization of spatial entities in French -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The existing "static'' ontology of spatial entities in French.

3. Par and the categorization of spatial entities -- 3.1. Par and NP denoting space portions -- 3.2. Par and NP denoting locations -- 3.3. Par and NP denoting objects -- 3.4. Par and NP denoting mixed entities -- 3.5. Par and NP denoting substances -- 4. A travers and the categorization of spatial entities -- 4.1. A travers and NP denoting space portions -- 4.2. A travers and NP denoting locations -- 4.3. A travers and NP denoting objects -- 4.4. A travers and NP denoting mixed entities -- 4.5. A travers and NP denoting substances -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Appendixes -- The linguistic categorization of spatial entities -- 0. Introduction -- 1. Classifiers in a typological overview of nominal classification systems -- 1.1. Classifiers among other nominal classification systems -- 1.2. A typology of classifier systems -- 1.3. Numeral classifiers and physical properties of spatial entities -- 1.4. Degrees of specificity of the classifiers -- 1.5. The dynamic dimensions of classifier systems -- 1.6. Classifiers and other classification systems of spatial entities -- 1.7. A multidimensional approach and fieldwork methodology -- 2. A sampler of classifier systems -- 2.1. Numeral classifier systems -- 2.2. Noun classifiers -- 2.3. Genitive classifiers -- 2.4. Verbal classifiers -- 3. A descriptive typological framework on how information on spatial entities might be expressed in languages -- 3.1. Strategies of encoding -- 3.2. Information may be about different characteristics of the spatial entities -- 3.3. About spatial information in nominal classification systems -- 3.4. Some languages obsess about spatial information and spatial entities -- References -- The expression of semantic components and the nature of ground entity in orientation motion verbs -- 1. Introduction.

2. A brief outline of motion constructions and object marking in Korean and French -- 2.1. Korean motion constructions -- 2.2. French motion constructions -- 2.3. Korean object marking system -- 2.4. French prepositional system -- 3. Basic Motion vs. Deictic Motion -- 4. Object marking -- 4.1. Korean Data -- 4.2. French Data -- 4.3. Linguistic material that expresses specific localization -- 5. Object Selection -- 5.1. Ontology of spatial entities -- 5.2. Locative/ ablative object and the prepositions à/ de -- 5.3. Accusative/ direct object -- 5.4. Directional object and the preposition vers (`towards') -- Conclusion -- References -- Appendixes -- Table of abbreviations -- Source of exemples -- Spatial categorization in language and cognition: Psycholinguistic and developmental studies -- Categorizing spatial entities with frontal orientation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Isolating and ordering the factors -- 2.1. Isolating the factors -- 2.2. Ordering the factors -- 3. ILNs and factors: Avant/devant and dynamic versus static function -- 3.1. Standard van and dynamic function -- 3.2. Open-sided van: Introducing static function -- 3.3. Standard and open-sided vans -- 4. Judgment task -- 4.1. Response latencies -- 4.2. Distributions -- 5. Perspectives: Frontal orientation and categorization of spatial entities -- 5.1. ILNs, component nouns and the distinction ``location''/``object'' -- 5.2. Factors/properties and categorization of spatial entities -- References -- Containment, support, and beyond -- Introduction -- 1. Cognitive foundations of spatial semantic development -- 2. How universal are spatial semantic categories? -- 3. Categorization of topological relations in the acquisition of English and Korean -- 3.1. Topological spatial categories in adult English and Korean.

3.2. Categorization of topological relationships in young children's spontaneous and elicited speech -- 3.3. Topological categories in comprehension -- 4. The learning process -- 4.1. Infant categorization of topological relations -- 4.2. Evidence for category construction from error patterns across languages -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Static and dynamic location in French -- 1. Space and linguistic relativity -- 1.1. Space in language -- 1.2. Space in language development -- 2. Location and motion in French -- 2.1. Static location and object displacements -- 2.2. Caused and voluntary motion with animate entities -- 3. Conclusions -- References -- Precursors to spatial language -- References -- The sources of spatial cognition -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Theoretical questions -- 1.2. Representation in infants -- 2. Two-dimensional representations of three-dimensional situations -- 3. Searching for objects -- 3.1. Back to theories -- 3.2. Late searching inefficiency -- 4. Motor impairment and language acquisition -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Characterizing categories of spatial entities: Formal ontology -- From language to ontology -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The "Surface Grammar'' trap -- 3. The "Deep Structure'' trap -- 4. Speaking with the vulgar -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- The temporal essence of spatial objects -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The ontological problem of the reference to concrete entities -- 2.1. Words and objects -- 2.2. Part, wholes, categories -- 2.3. Occurrents vs. Continuants ontology -- 3. Expressing spatial and temporal properties in a unified ontology -- 3.1. A spatio-temporal mereology and topology -- 3.2. Temporal parts -- 4. Reconsidering categories of reference -- 4.1. Object and substance -- 4.2. Substantial vs. non-substantial count nouns -- 4.3. Singular and collective entities -- 4.4. Objects and events.

5. Conclusion and open questions -- References -- Part-of relations, functionality and dependence -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The multiplicity of part-whole relations -- 2.1. Part-whole relations in language are not just mereology -- 2.2. The multiple relation hypothesis -- 2.3. The role of ontological distinctions among entities -- 3. Analysis of functionality -- 4. Function of entities "under a description'' -- 4.1. Lexical types -- 4.2. Function -- 5. Functional dependence -- 5.1. Generic functional dependence -- 5.2. Individual functional dependence -- 5.3. Formalizing Component-integral whole -- 6. Transitivity -- 6.1. Is Component-integral whole transitive? -- 6.2. (In)Transitivity of CIW revisited and other inferential properties -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Objects, locations and complex types -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The argument for dot objects -- 3. Lexical semantics and common-sense metaphysics -- 4. The composition logic -- 4.1. The set of types -- 4.2. The rules for the composition logic -- 4.3. Rules for complex types -- 5. Complex types, physical objects and locations -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Language index -- Subject index -- The series Human Cognitive Processing.