Contents -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Introduction -- Endnotes -- References -- 2. From Adaptation to Adaptive Capacity and Vulnerability Reduction -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Climate Stimuli for Adaptation -- 3. Approaches to Adaptation Planning -- 4. Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity -- 5. Enhancing Adaptive Capacity -- 6. Vulnerability, Adaptive Capacity and Development -- References -- 3. Social Aspects of Adaptive Capacity -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Relationship between Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity -- 3. Collective Action and Social Capital -- 4. An Example of the Evolution of Social Capital and Adaptive Capacity -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 4. Adaptive Capacity -- 1. Is Climate Change Important? -- 2. Coping with Day to Day Uncertainties in Developing Countries -- 3. Making Climate Change Important -- 4. Disasters and Development -- 4.1 Disasters and the Developing World -- 4.2 Why are "Natural" Disasters Increasing? -- 5. Adaptive Capacity Does Not Occur in Isolation -- 6. How Can Natural Hazard Research and Policy Experience Support Adaptation? -- 6.1 Generic Approaches in Hazards Research -- 6.2 Specific Approaches in Hazards Research -- 7. What Do the People Think? -- 8. Is There a Third Way? -- 9. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5. Lessons from Famine Early Warning and Food Security for Understanding Adaptation to Climate Change -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Beyond Hoovering: Conceptualizing Vulnerability -- 3. Baseline Exposure: Who, to What, When? -- 4. An Integrated Measure of Exposure -- 5. A Relative Assessment -- 6. Targeting: Scale and Specificity -- 7. Capturing Dynamic Pathways and Multilevel Processes -- 8. Response Orientation -- 9. Standards -- 10. Conclusion -- References -- 6. Assessing Vulnerability in the Context of Changing Socioeconomic Conditions -- 1. Introduction.

2. Adaptive Capacity -- 3. Climate Scenarios for Egypt -- 4. An Economic Model for Egypt -- 5. Selecting the Socioeconomic Scenarios -- 6. Adaptation across the Climate cum Socioeconomic Scenarios -- 7. Evaluating Adaptive Capacity -- 7.1 An Indexing Method -- 7.2 The Application to Egypt Revisited -- 8. The Value of Climate Information and Expanding Adaptive Capacity -- 9. Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Appendix: An Economic Model for Egypt -- 7. Do We Have the Adaptive Capacity to Develop and Use the Adaptive Capacity to Adapt? -- 1. Humanity Can and Will Adapt -- 2. The Adaptive Species -- 3. The Context of the Framework Convention -- 4. Adaptation Experience-National -- 5. Adaptation Experience-Local and Community -- 6. Adaptation Experience-International -- 7. Adaptation Prospects-National -- 8. Adaptation Prospects-Local and Community -- 9. Adaptation Prospects-International -- 10. Some Conclusions -- 11. A Suggestion -- References -- 8. The Legal Framework of Adaptation and Adaptive Capacity -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Terminology -- 1.2 The Legal Framework -- 2. Obligation to Undertake Adaptation Measures or Enhance Adaptive Capacity -- 2.1 The International Climate Change Regime -- 2.2 Other Legal Instruments -- 3. Legal Principles and Rules Guiding, Prohibiting or Impeding Adaptation Activities -- 3.1 International Regimes-Conflicts and Synergies -- 3.2 Regional and Domestic Law -- 4. Responsibility/Liability -- 5. Conclusions -- Endnotes -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 9. Adaptation Funding-Legal and Institutional Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Convention Funding -- 3. Kyoto Protocol Funding -- 4. Some Conclusions -- 5. The GEF Funding Practice -- 6. Remaining Problems -- Endnotes -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10. Adaptative Capacity -- 1. Introduction.

2. Vulnerability of the Philippine Coastal Sector to Climate Variability and Change -- 2.1 The Coastal Environment -- 2.2 Current Climate Risk -- 2.3 Future Climate Risk -- 3. Capacity to Respond to Climate Variability and Change -- 4. Opportunities to Enhance Adaptive Capacity -- 4.1 The Local Government Code and ICM -- 4.2 Environmental Disaster Management -- 4.3 More Options and Opportunities -- 5. Challenges and Needs -- 5.1 Barriers -- 5.2 Research and Training Needs -- 5.3 Education, Training and Outreach -- 5.4 Financial Mechanisms -- 6. Concluding Remarks -- References -- 11. Adaptation to Climatic Variability and Change in Tlaxcala, Mexico -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Previous Research -- 3. Tlaxcala Case Study -- 4. Adaptation to Climatic Variability in Tlaxcala -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 12. Engaging Africa in Adaptation to Climate Change -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Impacts Overview -- 3. Current Costs of Climate Related Events -- 4. Response of African States to Climate Change Threats -- 5. Problem Analysis -- 5.1 Governance -- 5.2 Limited Resources -- 6. Current Conditions -- 6.1 Technical Capacity -- 6.2 Public Participation in Climate Change Dialogue -- 6.3 Regional Institutions -- 7. Suggestions -- 7.1 Role of the Public -- 7.2 Collaborative Research -- 7.3 Technology Transfer and Entrepreneurship -- 8. Conclusions -- References -- 13. Adaptation, Sustainable Development and Equity -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Climate Change Scenarios for Arid and Semi-Arid Asia -- 3. The Absence of Sustainable Human Development -- 3.1 Impact on the Environment -- 3.2 Impact on Adaptive Capacity and Adaptability -- 4. Responding to Climate Variability: Case Studies -- 4.1 Adaptability: Droughts and Foods -- 4.2 Specific Adaptation: Kalabagh Dam -- 4.3 The Crisis of Governance -- 5. Conclusion -- References.

14. Enhancing the Capacity of Developing Countries to Adapt to Climate Change -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Major Themes -- 3. The Research Agenda -- 4. The Way Forward -- Endnotes -- References -- Appendix-Workshop Agenda and List of Participants -- Workshop Convenors -- Workshop Sponsors -- Workshop Co-Sponsors -- Workshop Rationale and Introduction -- Workshop Venues -- Workshop Agenda (27 September 2001) -- Session I: Adaptive Capacity: Analytical and Methodological Issues-Chair: John Schellnhuber -- Session II: Links and Integration with Non-Climate Issues-Chair: Holger Liptow -- Session III: Case Studies-Chair: Gretchen de Boer -- Session IV: Towards a Common Research Agenda-Chair: Saleemul Huq -- List of Participants.