Contents -- Tables -- Glossary: Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1. Liberalism and Professionalization in the Nineteenth Century -- Two Paths of Professionalism: The Central European and the Anglo-American Patterns -- Professional Associations in Liberal Hungary -- The Medical Profession -- The Engineering Profession -- The Legal Profession -- Ethnic Tensions in the Professions -- The Dilemma: Preserving Equal Access -- 2. From Professional to Political Ideology, 1900-1919 -- The Neoconservative Criticism of the Liberal Professions -- The Illiberal Avant-garde at the Turn of the Century -- Radicalism in the Science-based Professions: The Sources -- The Doctors' Avant-garde in the Revolution of the Left -- Technocrats and the Left -- The Legal Profession Disbanded -- 3. The Restrictive Reform of the Professions, 1920-1928 -- Numerus Clausus in Europe and Hungary -- The Numerus Clausus of 1920 -- Ethnic Division in the Professions: The Birth of Racist Associations -- Doctors and the Radical Right -- Ethnic Division of Medical Services -- Engineers and the Radical Right -- Lawyers and Tradition -- 4. The Professions during the Depression -- Corporatist Reform in Medicine -- Technocracy in New Colors -- Lawyers under Corporatist Pressure -- 5. Professions and Discrimination, 1938-1944 -- Opposition to Discrimination: The Lawyers -- The Middle Course: The Engineers -- The Extremes of Discrimination: The Physicians -- The Government of the Right against the Radicals of the Right -- Epilogue -- Notes -- Selected Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.