Cover -- Half-title -- Series-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Tables -- Appendixes -- Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Part i Theoretical Perspectives -- 1 Studying Parenting Representations as a Window to Parents' Internal Working Model of Caregiving -- Abstract -- Historical Overview -- What's on a Parent's Mind -- The Place of Internal Working Models in Bowlby's Theory -- The Adult Attachment Interview: A Conceptual and Assessment Breakthrough -- Assessments of Parenting Representations: Coding Schemes and Findings -- The Parent Attachment Interview (PAI): Bretherton and Her Colleagues -- Parent Development Interview (PDI): Aber, Slade, and Colleagues -- Parent Development Interview (PDI): Modification by George and Solomon -- Parent Development Interview (PDI): Modifications by Pianta and Colleagues -- Working Model of the Child Interview (WMCI): Zeanah and Benoit -- Parenting Representations Interview - Adolescence (PRI-A): Mayseless and Scharf -- Assessment of Particular Aspects in the Representations -- Parenting Representations Before the Baby Is Born -- Changes in Parents' Representations Following Therapy -- General Discussion -- General Summary of Research -- Assessment Aspects: Diversity of Coding Schemes -- Caregiving Representations: Demarcation from the AAI -- Internal Working Models of Caregiving -- Sources of Caregiving Representations -- One or Many IWMs of Caregiving? -- Future Directions -- References -- 2 Maternal Representations of Relationships: Assessing Multiple Parenting Dimensions -- Abstract -- Literature Review -- Internal Working Models of Attachment -- Broadening the Focus on Representations: Parenting Relationships -- Research on the CPAP Adaptation of the Parent Development Interview -- Method -- Participants -- Procedures -- Measures.

Measures of Maternal Characteristics -- Assessment of Mother-Child Interaction -- Results -- Descriptive Analyses -- Maternal Representations and Child Characteristics -- Maternal Representations and Maternal Characteristics -- Prediction of Mother-Child Interaction -- Discussion -- Direction for Future Research -- Summary -- Appendix 2.1 Parent Development Interview, adapted from Aber, Slade, Berger, Bresgi, & Kaplan, 1985 -- Appendix 2.2 Description of Parent Development Interview Constructs -- General Code Points for Each Scale: -- Process Codes: Perspective Taking, Neutralizing/Defensive -- Affect Codes: Anger, Pleasure, Guilt, Worry/Anxiety about the Future, Sadness/Pain -- References -- 3 Social Cognitive Approaches to Parenting Representations -- Abstract -- Parenting Cognitions -- Parenting Goals -- Self-Efficacy -- Attributional Approaches -- Perspective-Taking and Knowledge of the Child -- Controlled and Automatic Cognition -- Automatic Processes of Emotion Regulation and Their Links to Parenting Cognitions -- Links between Mobilization and Minimization and Events in the Attachment Domain -- Similarities between Attachment and Social Cognitive Approaches -- Differences between Attachment and Social Cognitive Approaches -- Summary and Future Directions -- References -- Part ii Research Applications -- 4 Communicating Feelings: Links Between Mothers' Representations of Their Infants, Parenting, and Infant Emotional Developmen -- Abstract -- Infant Emotional Development: The "Relational Cocoon" -- Internal Working Models: Organizing and Reflecting the Emotional Experience of Relationships -- The Affective Organization of Parenting: Links with Parents' Representations of Their Children -- Activation of Emotion -- Engagement Processes -- Emotion Regulation Processes -- Rethinking Sensitivity: The Role of Emotional Processes.

Assessing the "Emotional Dance" between Parents and Infants -- Representations of the Infant, Maternal Emotion Activation and Expression, and Infant Emotion Regulation: Results from the Michigan Family Study -- The Michigan Family Study -- Maternal Representations of the Infant: The "Working Model of the Child Interview" -- Mothers' Attributions Regarding Infant Emotion: The IFEEL Task -- Maternal and Infant Affective Behavior During the Still Face -- Linking Working Models of the Child with Maternal Emotion Activation and Engagement -- Emotion Activation: Associations between the WMCI and the Affective Tone of the Representation -- Emotional Engagement: Associations between the WMCI, Emotion Attributions, and Behavioral Displays -- "Getting the Message": Links between Mothers' Representations, Affective Displays, and Infant Emotion Regulation -- Conclusions -- Appendix 4.1 The Working Model of the Child Interview -- Validity -- Sample WMCI Questions -- Coding -- I. Infant- and Relationship-Dimensions of the Representation -- Richness of Perception (Zeanah & Benoit, 1995) -- Caregiving Sensitivity (Zeanah & Benoit, 1995) -- Acceptance of the Infant (Zeanah & Benoit, 1995) -- Resentment of the Parenting Role (Rosenblum, Muzik, & Dayton, 2002) -- Intensity of Involvement (Zeanah & Benoit, 1995) -- Infant Difficulty (Zeanah & Benoit, 1995) -- Openness to Change (Zeanah & Benoit, 1995) -- Helplessness in Parenting (Rosenblum, Muzik, & Dayton, 2002) -- Impact of Regulatory Processes on Parental Functioning (Rosenblum, Muzik, & Dayton, 2002) -- II. Narrative Coherence -- Internal Consistency (Fiese et al., 1999) -- Organization (Fiese et al., 1999) -- III. Affective Tone of the Representation of the Child (Zeanah & Benoit, 1995) -- WMCI Typology Classifications (Zeanah & Benoit, 1995) -- Balanced -- Disengaged -- Distorted -- References.

5 The Dual Viewpoints of Mother and Child on Their Relationship: A Longitudinal Study of Interaction and Representation -- Abstract -- Representations of Parent-Child Relationships, Their Function and Development -- Maternal Representations -- Child's Representations of Close Relationships -- Links Between the Mother's and the Child's Representations of Relationships -- The Study -- Research Design and Participants -- Mother-Infant Interaction at 12 Months -- Parenting Representations at Six Years -- Mother-Infant Interaction and Parenting Representations -- Representation of the Mother Figure by the Child -- The Maternal Figure and Mothers' Parenting Variables -- Discussion -- Mothers' Sensitivity as a Precursor of Later Parenting Representations -- Maternal Affect During Interaction -- The Mother Figure, and Her Absence, in the Child's Narratives -- The Trans-Generational Hypothesis: Partial Support and Applied Implications -- Protection: A Meeting Point Between Mother's and Child's Views on Parenting -- Summary -- Appendix 5.1 The Parenting Interview: Coding Scales -- (1) Representations of the Parent -- (2) Representations of the Child -- (3) Representations of the Parent-Child Relationships -- (4) Narrative Style (Process Scales) -- References -- 6 Modeling and Reworking Childhood Experiences: Involved Fathers' Representations of Being Parented and of Parenting a Presch -- Abstract -- Societal Change -- Method -- Sample -- Procedure -- The Parent Attachment Interview (PAI) -- Analysis Procedures -- Findings -- Memory Issues -- Discussion of Modeling and Reworking (General) -- Discussion of Intergenerational Reworking and Modeling in Specific Parenting Domains -- Discussion -- Memory -- Intergenerational Transmission: Compensation and Modeling -- Societal Influences -- How Real Is Generational Change? -- Acknowledgments -- References.

7 Maternal Representations of Parenting in Adolescence and Psychosocial Functioning of Mothers and Adolescents -- Abstract -- Current Assessment Methods of Parenting Representations With Infants and Young Children -- Parenting Adolescents -- The Parenting Representations Interview - Adolescence (PRI-A) (Scharf & Mayseless, 1997/2000) -- Coding Scales of the PRI-A -- Developmental Tasks of Late Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood -- Hypotheses -- The Study of Parenting Representations of Mothers of Adolescent Sons -- Sample -- Procedure -- Measures -- Results -- The Association Between Mothers' State of Mind and Parenting Representations -- The Association Between Parenting Representations and Son's Coping With Separation During the Leaving Home Transition -- The Association Between Parenting Representations and the Son's Psychosocial Functioning: Time 3 Assessment -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 Like Fathers, Like Sons? Fathers' Attitudes to Childrearing in Light of Their Perceived Relationships with Own Parents, and Their Attachment Concerns -- Abstract -- The Role of Fathers -- Attitudes Towards Childrearing -- Relationship of Fathers with Their Own Mother and Father and Their Childrearing Attitudes -- Fathers' Relationships with Their Own Parents and Attachment Concerns -- Fathers' Own Attachment Concerns and Their Attitudes to Childrearing -- Method -- Measures -- Parental Beliefs and Attitudes: Child Rearing Practice Report - CRPR (Block, 1981) -- Relationships with Parent in Childhood (MFP - Epstein, 1983) -- Attachment Concerns: Attachment Concerns and Close-Relationships Questionnaire (Hazan & Shaver, 1987 -- adapted by Mayseless, 1995) -- Results -- How Do Fathers Perceive Relationships with Their Own Mother and Father?.

How Do Fathers' Perceived Relationships with Their Own Parents Relate to Their Childrearing Attitudes?.