Bioremediation and Sustainability Research and Applications -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowlegements -- List of Contributors -- 1. Elements of Sustainability and Bioremediation -- The Sustainability, Remediation and Biotechnology Link -- Features and Concepts in Sustainability -- Sustainability and Scale of Environmental Pollution Clean-up -- Biotechnology and Bioremediation -- Environmental Pollution and Biotreatment Variants -- Main Features of Bioremediation -- Advantages of Bioremediation -- Disadvantages of Bioremediation -- General Approach to Bioremediation -- In Situ Bioremediation Technologies -- Bioventing -- Biostimulation -- Air-sparging -- Natural Attenuation -- Landfarming -- Phytoremediation -- Ex Situ Bioremediation -- Composting -- Controlled Solid Phase Biotreatment -- Slurry Phase Bioremediation -- Anaerobic Digestion Processes -- Principles of Anaerobic Digestion Processes -- Pollutant Remediation by Anaerobic Processes -- Biosorption of Heavy Metals -- Science of Biosorption -- Biosorption and Heavy Metal Removal -- Factors Influencing Bioremediation Rates -- pH -- Temperature -- Metals -- Toxic Compounds -- Water Content -- Nutrient Availability -- Bioavailability of Pollutants -- Co-metabolism -- Bioaugmentation -- Trends in Bioremediation Research -- Concluding Note -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 2. Natural Attenuation -- The Natural Attenuation and Sustainability Link -- Features and Concepts in Natural Attenuation -- Site Assessment, Mass Assimilation and the Need for Active Remedies -- Contaminant Transformation Under Natural Site Conditions -- Monitoring for Natural Attenuation -- Source Area Evaluation -- Source Area and Plume Connection -- Source Area Delineation and Source Mass Analysis -- Source Area Mass Flux Analysis -- Source Area Lifetime Estimates -- Quantitative Analysis of Natural Attenuation Data.

Plume Stability Determination -- Thiessen Polygon Method -- Contaminant Degradation Rate Estimates -- Plume Response to Source Removal -- Decision Making Regarding Source Area Treatment -- Concluding Note -- References -- 3. Anaerobic Digestion Processes -- Anaerobic Digestion Fundamentals -- Microbial Populations -- Operational Parameters -- Nutrients -- Inhibition -- Applications -- Renewable Energy -- Waste Management -- Nuisance Avoidance -- Nutrient Management Plan -- Frequency of Use -- Project Development -- Feedstock Characterization -- Estimating Energy Potential -- Biochemical Methane Potential -- Pilot-Scale Testing -- Design -- Safety -- Anaerobic Digestion Economics -- Anaerobic Digestion Monitoring -- Conclusions & Future Developments -- References -- 4. Biosurfactants: Synthesis, Properties and Applications in Environmental Bioremediation -- Introduction -- Enzymatic Syntheses of Surfactants -- Enzymatic Synthesis of Monoglycerides -- Enzymatic Synthesis of Sugar Esters -- Enzymatic Synthesis of Fatty Amides -- Enzymatic Synthesis of Alkyl Glycosides -- Enzymatic Synthesis of Lysophospholipids -- Microbial Synthesis of Biosurfactants -- Surfactin -- Sophorolipids -- Rhamnolipids -- Properties of Biosurfactants -- Surface and Interface Activity -- Temperature, pH and Ionic Strength Tolerance -- Emulsion Forming -- Low Toxicity -- Biodegradability -- Biosurfactants in Pollutant Remediation -- Biosurfactants Versus Synthetic Surfactants -- Heavy Metals Removal -- Oil and Petroleums Degradation -- Pesticides Degradation -- PAHs Removal -- PCBs Degradation -- Concluding Notes -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 5. Phytoremediation: An Efficient Approach for Bioremediation of Organic and Metallic Ions Pollutants -- Introduction -- Types of Phytotechnology -- Phytoextraction -- Rhizofilteration -- Phytovolatilization.

Phytodegradation / Phy totransf ormation -- Phytostabilization -- Strategies Used in Phytoremediation of Inorganic Pollutant -- Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Plants -- Chelate Enhaced Phytoextraction and Translocation -- Transport -- Phytotransformation -- Strategies Used in Phytoremediation of Organic Pollutant -- Direct Phytoremediation -- Indirect Phytoremediation/Rhizoremediation -- Concluding Note -- References -- 6. Bioleaching -- Introduction -- Mechanisms of Bioleaching -- Strategies of Bioleaching -- Microorganisms of Bioleaching -- Factors Affecting Bioleaching -- Temperature -- pH -- Nutrients -- Toxic Substances -- Environmental Considerations -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 7. Biosorption of Heavy Metals - New Perspectives -- Biosorption of Heavy Metals - New Perspectives -- Materials and Processes -- Downstream Reuse: Biosorbents based Catalysis -- A Particular Ion: Biosorption of Hexavalent Chromium -- The Role of Supports: Usage of Zeolites for the Treatment of CrVI Solutions -- Inside the Industrial Circuit: Cr as Catalyst for Oxidation Reactions -- References -- 8. Biofiltration: Essentials, Research and Applications -- Introduction -- Abatment Techniques -- Removal of VOCs from Waste Air -- Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater -- Biological Based Methods for the Removal of VOCs and Heavy Metals -- Biofiltration -- Performance Parameters of Biofiltration -- Effect of Time -- Effect of Flow Rate -- Effect of Shock Loads -- Effect of Bed Height -- Analysis of Product Streams in Biofilter Column -- Liquid Collected at Bottom -- C02 Present in Gaseous Stream -- Research Status of Biofiltration -- Biofiltration for removal of VOCs -- Biofiltration for Removal of Ammonia -- Biofiltration for Removal of Hydrogen Sulfide -- Biofiltration for Removal of Metal Ions -- Mechanisms of Biofiltration.

Mechanism for Degradation of Organic Contaminants -- Mechanism of Degradation of Metal Ions -- Applications of Biofiltration -- Conclusions -- References -- 9. Modeling and Implementation of Sustainable Remediation Based on Bioventing -- Introduction -- Basic Features of Sustainable Remediation Based on Bioventing -- Understanding the Enviornment Domain - Possible Difficulties in Using Bioventing -- The Difference Between Layouts of Bioventing and SVE Systems -- Cases of Bioventing as a Byproduct of Air Sparging -- Difficulties in Using Bioventing -- Bioventing Implementation -- Theoretical Background -- Bioventing Degradation Implementation Model -- Sustainable Bioventing Practice -- General Comments -- Preliminary Information and Basic Know-How -- Initial Evaluation of Bioventing Effectiveness -- Detailed Evaluation of Bioventing Effectiveness -- Pilot Studies -- Evaluating the Design of Bioventing Systems -- Evaluating the Operation and Monitoring Plans -- Concluding Note -- References -- 10. Bioremediation of Xenobiotics -- Introduction -- Types of Bioremediation -- In-Situ Bioremediation -- In situ Bioremediation Comprises of -- Ex-Situ Bioremediation -- Methods for the Bioremediation of Xenobiotic Compounds -- Biosparging -- Bioaugmentation -- Phytoremediation -- Biostimulations -- Photovolatilization -- Phytodegradation (Phytotransformation) -- Biopiling -- Composting -- Bioreactors Used for the Biormediation of Xenobiotic Compound -- Slurry Bioreactors -- Bioreactors Having Aerobic Condition Coupled with Anaerobic Conditions -- Two-Phase Partitioning Bioreactors (TPPBs) -- Metabolic Pathways for Bioremediation of Xenobiotics -- Aerobic Pathways -- Anaerobic Pathways -- Co-Metabolic Pathway -- Bioremediation of Various Classes of Xenobiotic Compounds -- Explosives -- Biremediation of BTEX -- Bioremediation of Pesticides.

Bioremediation of Organochloro Pesticides -- Bioremediation of Weedicides and Herbicides -- Bioremediation of Dyes -- The Decolorisation of the Dyes is Assayed by Beer- Lambert's Law -- Bioremediation of Waste Water Containing Synthetic Detergents -- Bioremediation of Tannery Waste Water -- Concluding Note -- References -- Index.