CRIME RATES, TYPES AND HOT SPOTS -- CRIME RATES, TYPES AND HOT SPOTS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 A FORENSIC AND SOCIAL APPROACH TO DRUG-FACILITATED CRIMES -- ABSTRACT -- ABBREVIATION LIST -- SUBSTANCES -- Club Drugs -- Alcohol (Ethanol) -- Ketamine -- GHB (Gamma Hydroxy Butyrate) -- Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) -- Amphetamines and Methamphetamine -- MDMA (ECSTASY) -- PRESCRIPTION AND OVER-THE-COUNTER MEDICATIONS -- Barbiturates -- OPIATES -- COCAINE -- HALLUCINOGENS -- LSD (LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE) -- Marijuana -- Phencyclidine (PCP) -- INHALANTS -- DESIGNER DRUGS -- SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND CRIME -- EVIDENCES AND COLLECTIONS -- Crime Scene Evidences -- Suspected Drugs -- Biological Evidences -- Urine -- Blood -- Hair -- Oral Fluid -- Nail -- Sweat -- DRUG ANALYSIS -- Microscopic Examination -- Screening Tests -- Confirmation Techniques -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 VIOLENT CRIME IN SOUTH AFRICA: IS THE SUBCULTURE OF APARTHEID TO BLAME? -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- A HISTORY OF VIOLENCE IN SOUTH AFRICA -- Migrant Labor System -- Group Areas Act -- Bantu Education Act -- LITERATURE REVIEW -- Micro-Level of Analysis -- Macro-Level of Analysis -- DATA AND METHOD -- Dependent Variable -- Independent Variables -- Empirical Specification -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- LIMITATIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 DO ACTORS BIAS THE JUDGMENTS OF LIE DETECTORS MORE THAN NON-ACTORS? -- ABSTRACT -- METHOD -- Participants -- Procedure -- RESULTS -- Senders' Self-Assessments of Lie-Telling and Lie-Detection Abilities -- Judges' Self-Assessments of Lie-Telling and Lie-Detection Abilities -- Overall Detection Accuracy -- Actors' and Non-Actors' Ability to Convince the Judges of Their Truthfulness -- Accuracy in Judging Actors' and Non-Actors' Statements -- Confidence in Judgment.

Do Lying Actors Suppress Behavioral Cues That Are Believed to Be Associated with Deception? -- Gaze Aversion -- Smiling -- Bodily Movements -- Smiles and the Judges' Performance -- DISCUSSION -- Actors and Non-Actors' Lying Ability -- Confidence in Judgment -- Self-Assessed Abilities to Tell and Detect Lies and Truths -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 FIXERS AND CORRUPTION: SHADOW 'PUBLIC SERVANTS' -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE PHENOMENON OF FIXERS IN LIGHT OF THEORIES OF BUREAUCRATIC CORRUPTION -- Fixing in View of Network Economy Theory -- Fixers in View of the Spillover Effect Theory of Corruption -- Fixers in View of Revisionists Theory of Corruption -- 3. ROOTS, PATTERNS AND SCOPE OF MACHERS' ACTIVITIES IN ISRAEL -- 3. STIMULATING SOCIO-CULTURAL AND BUREAUCRATIC FORCES OF MACHERS IN ISRAEL -- The Stimulating Forces of Fixing In Israel -- 4. TOWARD A TYPOLOGY OF FIXERS -- Inside Bureaucracy Fixers and Outside Bureaucracy Fixers -- Classification of Fixers in Accordance with the Scope of the Transactions and the Remuneration -- 5. POLICY MEASURES TO CONTROL THE SCOPE OF ACTIVITIES OF FIXERS IN ISRAEL -- 1. Administrative Measures -- 2. e -Government -- 3. Bureaucratic Transparency -- 4. Tightening Control over the Management of Tenders -- 5. Investigation and Punishment Measures -- SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 THE EVENT EFFECT: DEMONSTRATING THE IMPACT OF DENOMINATOR SELECTION ON 'FLOOR' AND 'CEILING' CRIME RATE ESTIMATES IN THE CONTEXT OF PUBLIC EVENTS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- History and Use of Crime Rates -- Theoretical Examples -- Hypothetical Crime Rate Scenario 1 -- Hypothetical Crime Rate Scenario 2 -- METHODS AND ANALYSES -- The Research Site -- Research Strategy -- RESULTS -- Descriptive Statistics -- Denominator Impact on Crime Rates -- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES.

Chapter 6 THE RATE OF WHITE COLLAR CRIME: THE HOT SPOT OF WHITE COLLAR CRIME IN SWEDEN DURING THE 2000 DECADE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- PREVIOUS RESEARCH ON WHITE COLLAR CRIME RATE VARIATION OF SWEDEN IN INTERNATIONAL SURVEYS -- WHITE COLLAR CRIME AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 THE CHASM BETWEEN LAW ENFORCEMENT AND DIGITAL CRIME -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- GLOBAL CONSIDERATIONS -- DIGITAL CRIME TRENDS -- DIGITAL CRIME AND EDUCATION -- A New Approach -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- BIOGRAPHY -- Chapter 8 REDUCE CRIME STATISTICS-EDUCATE PRISONERS BEHIND BARS -- PRISON EDUCATION PROGRAMS ARE NECESSARY -- REFERENCES -- DR. JAMES S. VACCA -- BIOGRAPHY -- INDEX -- Blank Page.