Clinical Research Methods for Surgeons is a comprehensive guide for the surgical scientist, and serves as both a critical review of existing literature and a reference guide for clinical research methodologies as they apply to surgery. The text addresses the clinical research questions facing 21st century surgeons, and provides clear direction on how to incorporate sophisticated research techniques into practice. In addition to the surgical generalist, this practical volume is specifically oriented to surgeons who treat unique diseases, yet have no single resource to facilitate clinical research in these specific areas. This comprehensive and easy-to-use guide encompasses the entire process of clinical study design, application, and assessment. Part One is aimed at the young surgeon about to engage in new studies, and gives a general overview of the infrastructure of clinical research. Parts Two and Three are geared towards experienced investigators interested in pursuing clinical research and surgeons reviewing the literature for practical application. Part Two focuses on study design and related statistical issues, while Part Three is concerned with measuring and assessing the outcome of clinical studies. Part Four presents topics of interest to the active investigator, such as quality of care and cost-effectiveness analyses. Clinical Research Methods for Surgeons is relevant to both beginning investigators and established researchers, and addresses the unique concerns of surgical diseases and acknowledges that they require special approaches to deal with clinical questions.