Contents -- Preface -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Genesis and Development -- 2.1 The Amazon River Basin -- 2.2 History of Domestication -- 3 Plant Structure and Ecophysiology -- 3.1 Reproductive Biology and Botany -- 3.1.1 Flowering -- 3.1.2 Fruit set -- 3.1.3 Post-fertilization events -- 3.1.4 Seed -- 3.1.5 Vegetative growth -- 3.1.6 Wintering -- 3.1.7 Root system -- 3.1.8 Juvenile and mature characteristics -- 3.1.9 Growth studies -- 3.1.10 Root heterogeneity and stock-scion interactions -- 3.2 Propagation -- 3.2.1 Polyclonal seed generation -- 3.2.2 Vegetative methods -- 3.3 Ecophysiology -- 3.3.1 Photosynthetic efficiency -- 3.3.2 Dry matter production and water use efficiency (WUE) -- 4 Latex Production, Diagnosis and Harvest -- 4.1 Latex -- 4.1.1 Rubber particles -- 4.1.2 Organic non-rubber constituents -- 4.1.3 Nucleic acids and polysomes -- 4.2 Latex Metabolism -- 4.2.1 Factors regulating metabolism of latex -- 4.3 Latex Vessels and Turgor Pressure -- 4.4 Anatomy and Latex Flow -- 4.5 Lutoids and Coagulation of Latex -- 4.5.1 Lutoid breakdown mechanisms -- 4.6 Harvest -- 4.6.1 Tapping notations -- 4.6.2 Tapping techniques -- 4.6.3 Factors affecting tapping efficiency -- 4.6.4 Yield stimulation -- 4.7 Tapping Panel Dryness (TPD) -- 5 Genetics and Breeding -- 5.1 Genetic Resources -- 5.1.1 Hevea as a species complex -- 5.1.2 Distribution of allied species -- 5.1.3 New genetic resources -- 5.2 Early History of Rubber Breeding -- 5.3 Evaluation of Clones -- 5.4 Recombination Breeding -- 5.5 Breeding Pattern -- 5.6 Selection -- 5.7 Hevea Clones -- 6 Biotechnology and Molecular Biology -- 6.1 In Vitro Culture -- 6.1.1 Anther culture -- 6.1.2 Somatic embryogenesis and meristem culture -- 6.1.3 Protoplast culture and embryo rescue -- 6.1.4 Direct gene transfer -- 6.2 Molecular Breeding -- 6.2.1 Non-expressed molecular genetic markers (MGMs).

6.2.2 Molecular genetic diversity -- 6.2.3 Paternity identification -- 6.2.4 Genetic mapping -- 6.2.5 Expressed genes in Hevea -- 7 Soil Tillage, Crop Establishment and Nutrition -- 7.1 Chemical Properties -- 7.2 Planting Density -- 7.3 Resource Capture in Intercropping Systems -- 8 Constraints - Environmental and Biological -- 8.1 Non-traditional Environments and Geoclimatic Stresses -- 8.2 Hevea Grown Under Marginal Conditions -- 8.2.1 Abiotic stress factors -- 8.2.2 Rubber-growing regions of India, Thailand and Vietnam -- 8.2.3 Rubber-growing regions of China -- 8.2.4 Conditions in West Africa -- 8.2.5 Situation in South America -- 8.3 Phenology Under Different Geoclimates -- 8.4 GE Interactions and Specific Adaptation -- 8.5 Biotic Stresses -- 8.5.1 South American leaf blight (SALB) -- 8.5.2 Abnormal leaf fall -- 8.5.3 Powdery mildew -- 8.5.4 Corynespora leaf disease -- 8.5.5 Shoot rot -- 8.5.6 Gloeosporium leaf disease -- 9 Ancillary Income Generation -- 9.1 Hevea Honey -- 9.2 Hevea Wood -- 9.2.1 Processing -- 9.2.2 Production and consumption -- 10 Hevea and Clean Development Management -- Glossary -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- L -- M -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- V -- X -- Z -- References -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y.