THE GOVERNMENT ROLE IN CIVILIAN TECHNOLOGY -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- OVERVIEW -- GUIDELINES FOR FEDERAL INVOLVEMENT -- Strengthening Government Technology Programs -- Federal Responsibilities Beyond Current Programs -- Promoting Investment in Pre-Commercial R&D -- THE RATIONALE FOR CHANGE -- 1 The Environment For Technology Development -- PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH -- Capital Investment -- Demographic Shifts -- Rising Energy Prices -- Slowdown in Research and Development Spending -- TECHNOLOGY CREATION, COMMERCIALIZATION, ADOPTION AND TRANSFER -- Technology Creation -- Commercialization -- Adoption -- Technology Transfer -- U.S. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES -- THE STRUCTURE OF POSTWAR U.S. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY -- OTHER POLICY ISSUES -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- 2 Government Support for Civilian Technology -- FEDERAL INVOLVEMENT IN RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY -- Federal Support for Basic Research -- Government Support Beyond Basic Research -- Agriculture -- Computers and Microelectronics -- The Biomedical Industry -- Biotechnology -- The Civil Aircraft Industry -- Synthetic Fuels -- Assessing Federal Support -- CURRENT GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS TO SUPPORT TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT -- Government Support of Dual-Use Technology: DARPA -- The Small Business Innovation Research Program (SBIR) -- U.S. Commerce Department Programs: The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Advanced Technology... -- Role of Federal Laboratories in Commercial Technology Development and Transfer -- Traditional Missions in a Time of Change -- Recent Efforts to Promote Transfer and Commercialization -- Examples of Technology Transfer from the Federal Laboratories -- Potential Contributions of Federal Laboratories to Private Sector Technology Goals -- Guidelines for Improving Technology Transfer -- COOPERATION IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

Foreign Support for Collaborative R&D -- Japanese Collaborative R&D Programs: Selected Examples -- The Key Technology Center Program -- European Cooperative R&D Projects: Selected Examples -- Summary -- Technology Adoption -- Summary -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- 3 A New Strategy to Facilitate Government Support of Technology -- GUIDING PRINCIPLES -- Principle 1: Cost Sharing -- Principle 2: Industry Involvement in Project Initiation and Design -- Principle 3: Insulation from Political Concerns -- Principle 4: Diversification of Investments -- Principle 5: Projects Open to Foreign Firms Characterized by Substantial Contribution to U.S. Gross... -- Principle 6: Program Evaluation -- FACILITATING FEDERAL INVESTMENT IN TECHNOLOGY -- Expanded Mission Agency Funding of Pre-Commercial R&D -- A Civilian Technology Agency (CTA) -- Organization and Structure -- Advantages of the CTA -- Disadvantages of the CTA -- The Civilian Technology Corporation -- Organization and Structure -- Operation, Instructions, and Performance -- Disadvantages of the CTC -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- Appendixes -- APPENDIX A Background Papers -- TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER: SELECTED CASE STUDIES -- INTRODUCTION: THE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER CHALLENGE -- INTRAFIRM TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER -- Mechanisms for In-House Technology Transfer -- TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER BEYOND INDUSTRIAL LABORATORIES -- Mechanisms for "Cross-Boundary" Technology Transfer -- TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN AN EMERGING INDUSTRY: BIOTECHNOLOGY -- Industry Strategies for Biotechnology Transfer -- The University Perspective -- The Role of NIH in the Transfer of Biotechnology -- TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN A ''MATURE" INDUSTRY: AUTOMOTIVE ELECTRONICS -- FEDERAL EFFORTS IN TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER -- REGIONAL AND STATE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER -- SELECTED FEDERAL LAWS AFFECTING TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER -- Brief Description.

COLLABORATION IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: SELECTED EXAMPLES -- INTRODUCTION -- OVERVIEW -- Promise and Outlook for Consortia -- PRIVATE SECTOR COLLABORATION -- Private Sector Perspectives -- Elements of Effective Collaboration -- Returns to Cooperative Research -- Perspectives of Consortium Managers -- Outside Pressures and Changing Circumstances -- Enhancing Technology Transfer -- Other Issues -- Sharing Technology and Information -- Number of Participating Firms -- Collaboration Beyond Research -- UNIVERSITY-INDUSTRY COLLABORATION -- Perspectives on University-Industry Collaboration -- Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Industries -- Characteristics of Effective Collaboration -- Issues and Concerns -- Impediments to Negotiations -- Access for Small Firms -- Commitment of U.S. Firms -- Conflict of Interest and Public Perceptions -- GOVERNMENT-INDUSTRY COLLABORATION -- Federal Laboratory-Industry Collaboration -- SEMATECH -- Anticipated Returns -- Government-Sponsored R&D Collaboration in Other Countries -- The European Community -- Japan -- The Key Technology Center (KTC) Program -- Issues for Consideration -- Participation of Foreign Companies -- NOTES -- APPENDIX B Legislative Request for the Study -- OMNIBUS TRADE AND COMPETITIVENESS ACT (P.L. 100-418) -- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE SECTION 5131(C) -- Present Law -- House Bill -- Senate Amendment -- Conference Agreement -- APPENDIX C Workshop Presenters and Briefers to the Panel -- Workshop on "THE DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES: LESSONS OF SUCCESS" THE GOVERNMENT ROLE IN... -- PRESENTERS -- Workshop on "RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CONSORTIA: MYTH AND REALITY" THE GOVERNMENT ROLE IN CIVILIAN... -- PRESENTERS -- INDIVIDUAL BRIEFINGS -- APPENDIX D Biographical Information on Panel Members and Professional Staff -- PANEL MEMBERS -- PROFESSIONAL STAFF.

APPENDIX E Collaborative R&D: Selected Examples -- NOTES -- APPENDIX F References and Bibliography -- Index.