Shiphandling Simulation -- Copyright -- Preface -- BACKGROUND -- NRC STUDY -- REPORT ORGANIZATION -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- DOES SIMULATION WORK? -- WHEN SHOULD SIMULATION BE USED? -- HOW CAN SIMULATION BE ENHANCED AS A DESIGN AID? -- SUGGESTED RESEARCH -- 1 Introduction -- WATERWAY MODERNIZATION -- Port Development -- Water Resources Policy -- ROLE OF SIMULATION IN WATERWAY MODERNIZATION -- 2 Waterway Design Process -- THE DESIGN CHALLENGE -- DESIGN ISSUES -- Technical Issues -- Acceptable Levels of Risk -- Institutional Issues -- DESIGN PROCEDURES -- DESIGN TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES -- Depth -- Width -- Navigational Aids -- Environmental Data and Civil Engineering -- Design Vessel -- SUMMARY -- 3 Use of Simulation in Waterway Design -- RELATIONSHIP OF PILOTING TO SIMULATION -- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SIMULATORS AND THE DESIGN PROCESS -- SUMMARY -- 4 Shiphandling Simulators -- COMPUTER-BASED MODEL FOR SHIP BEHAVIOR -- Specific Components of Fast-Time Simulations -- Specific Components of Real-Time Simulators -- Visual presentation -- Controls -- Fidelity -- Man-in-the-loop -- LEVEL OF SIMULATION -- SUMMARY -- 5 Mathematical Models -- SELECTING AND IDENTIFYING THE SIMULATION MODEL -- WATERWAY BATHYMETRY -- WATERWAY ENVIRONMENT -- MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF SHIP DYNAMICS -- COMPONENTS OF THE FORCES SYSTEM -- Deepwater Factors -- Unrestricted Shallow Water -- Restricted Shallow Water -- Rudder-Propeller System -- Model of Propulsion and Steering Systems -- SUMMARY -- 6 Assessment of Simulator Technology and Results -- ACCURACY -- CRITIQUE OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING TECHNOLOGY -- CRITIQUE OF PILOTAGE MODELING TECHNOLOGY -- VALIDATION -- INTERPRETING THE RESULTS -- SUMMARY -- 7 Simulator Application in Harbor and Waterway Design -- CASE STUDY RESULTS -- 8 Research Needs -- GAPS IN THE STATE OF PRACTICE -- FUTURE RESEARCH.

Fidelity Requirements for Mathematical Models -- Identification and Validation of the Mathematical Models -- Effect of Visual and Behavioral Fidelity on Real-Time Simulation Results -- Interpretation of Simulation Results -- Guidelines for the Required Level and Scope of Simulation -- STRATEGIES FOR IMPLEMENTING A RESEARCH PROGRAM -- SUMMARY -- 9 Conclusions and Recommendations -- DOES SIMULATION WORK? -- WHEN SHOULD SIMULATION BE USED? -- HOW CAN SIMULATION BE ENHANCED AS A DESIGN AID? -- ESTABLISHING A RESEARCH PROGRAM -- Appendixes -- A Committee Member Biographies -- B Design Elements of Waterway Development -- C Practical Application of Shiphandling Simulators to Waterway Design -- CASE STUDY COATZACOALCOS, MEXICO COMPUTER AIDED OPERATIONS RESEARCH FACILITY, 1980-1981 -- PROJECT DESCRIPTION -- SIMULATION DESCRIPTION -- SIMULATION RESULTS -- PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION -- LESSONS LEARNED -- Design Team -- Pilot Participation -- Operating Parameters and Costs -- Data Validation -- CASE STUDY NORFOLK/HAMPTON ROADS, VIRGINIA COMPUTER AIDED OPERATIONS RESEARCH FACILITY, 1980-1986 -- PROJECT DESCRIPTION -- SIMULATION DESCRIPTION -- SIMULATION RESULTS -- PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION -- LESSONS LEARNED -- Consensus Building -- Effectiveness as Design Aid -- Risk Assessment -- CASE STUDY JOHN F. BALDWIN, PHASE 2 (RICHMOND LONG WHARF) WATERWAY EXPERIMENT STATION, 1983-1984 -- PROJECT DESCRIPTION -- SIMULATION DESCRIPTION -- SIMULATION RESULTS -- PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION -- LESSONS LEARNED -- Design Team Skills -- Pilot Participation -- Consensus Building -- Graphics Displays -- CASE STUDY PANAMA CANAL GAILLARD CUT WIDENING STUDY COMPUTER AIDED OPERATIONS RESEARCH FACILITY, 1983-1986 -- PROJECT DESCRIPTION -- SIMULATION DESCRIPTION -- Criteria for Measuring Safety Performance -- Model Validation -- Fast-Time Screening of Design Alternatives.

Configuration Assessment Using Real-Time Simulation -- SIMULATION RESULTS -- PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION -- LESSONS LEARNED -- Technical -- Project Management -- CASE STUDY GRAYS HARBOR, WASHINGTON WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION, 1986 -- PROJECT DESCRIPTION -- SIMULATION DESCRIPTION -- SIMULATION RESULTS -- PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION -- LESSONS LEARNED -- Consensus Building -- Cost Savings Through Simulation -- Design Tool -- CASE STUDY OAKLAND HARBOR COMPUTER AIDED OPERATIONS RESEARCH FACILITY, 1986-1988 -- PROJECT DESCRIPTION -- SIMULATION DESCRIPTION -- PROJECT RESULTS -- PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION -- LESSONS LEARNED -- Consensus Building -- Identification of Interested Parties -- Design Ship -- Cost Reductions Through Simulation -- D Source Reference List for Mathematical Models -- E Papers Prepared for This Study -- F Validation of Aircraft Flight Simulators -- OVERVIEW -- VALIDATION POLICY -- QUANTITATIVE TEST PROCEDURES -- Bibliography.