Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Introduction -- Contributors -- 1 Gold-Based Catalysts for CO Oxidation, the Water-Gas Shift, and Desulfurization Processes -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Bonding Interactions Between Gold and Metal Oxide or Carbide Surfaces -- 1.3 Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide on Au-Oxide and Au-Carbide Surfaces -- 1.4 Water-Gas Shift Reaction on Au-Oxide Surfaces -- 1.5 Decomposition of Sulfur Dioxide on Au-Oxide and Au-Carbide Surfaces -- 1.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 2 Structural and Electronic Properties of Group 6 Transition Metal Oxide Clusters -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Accurate Thermochemistry for Transition Metal Oxide Clusters -- 2.2.1 Heats of Formation -- 2.2.2 Metal-Oxygen Bond Energies and Differential Clustering Energies -- 2.3 Group 6 Transition Metal Oxides -- 2.3.1 (MO3)n -- 2.3.2 M3O9 -- 2.3.3 Reduced Metal Oxides: M3O8 and M4O10 -- 2.4 Group 6 Transition Metal Hydroxides: Hydrolysis of Metal Oxide Clusters -- 2.4.1 Thermodynamic Properties -- 2.4.2 H2O Adsorption and Dissociation Energies -- 2.4.3 Hydrolysis Potential Energy Surfaces -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 Nanoparticle Catalysis for Reforming of Biomass-Derived Fuels -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Biogas Reforming -- 3.2.1 Effect of Operating Conditions and Catalyst Components -- 3.2.2 Challenges in Biogas Reforming -- 3.2.3 Approaches to Improve Biogas Reforming Activity and Stability -- 3.2.3.1 Noble Metal Addition -- 3.2.3.2 Bimetallic Catalysts -- 3.2.3.3 Metal Loading -- 3.2.3.4 Promoters -- 3.2.3.5 Catalyst Synthesis -- 3.2.4 Summary -- 3.3 Oxygenates Reforming -- 3.3.1 Effect of Operating Conditions and Catalyst Components -- 3.3.2 Challenges in Oxygenates Reforming -- 3.3.3 Approaches to Improve Oxygenate Reforming Activity and Stability -- 3.3.3.1 Noble Metals Addition.

3.3.3.2 Bimetallic Catalysts -- 3.3.3.3 Metal Loading -- 3.3.3.4 Promoters -- 3.3.3.5 Catalyst Synthesis -- 3.3.4 Summary -- 3.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 4 Nanoparticles in Biocatalysis -- 4.1 What is Biocatalysis? -- 4.2 Nanomaterials as Enzyme Supports -- 4.2.1 Enzymes Immobilized on Porous Silica -- 4.2.2 Enzymes Immobilized on Magnetic Nanoparticles -- 4.2.3 Enzymes Immobilized on Nanotubes -- 4.2.4 Enzymes Immobilized on Protein Nanocages -- 4.2.5 Hybrid Nanomaterials -- 4.3 Bionanocatalysis -- 4.3.1 Electrochemical Sensing -- 4.3.2 Metal Nanoparticles Trapped within Living Organisms -- 4.4 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Thin Iron Heme Enzyme Films on Electrodes and Nanoparticles for Biocatalysis -- 5.1 Why Enzyme Biocatalysis on Electrodes and Nanoparticles? -- 5.1.1 The Catalytic Cycle of Cyt P450s -- 5.2 Cyt P450 Electrocatalysis on Electrodes -- 5.2.1 Immobilization Strategies Using Purified Cyt P450s on Electrodes and Nanoparticles -- 5.2.2 Reactions Catalyzed by Cyt P450s on Electrodes -- 5.2.2.1 Immobilization of Microsomes Containing Cyt P450s on Electrodes for Catalysis -- 5.2.3 Comparing Electrode vs. NADPH+CPR or H2O2 Driven Cyt P450 Catalysis -- 5.2.4 Biocatalysis of Heme Enzymes Under Extreme Conditions -- 5.3 Cyt P450 Biocatalysis on Nanoparticles -- 5.3.1 Immobilization Strategies & Catalytic Reactions of Cyt P450s on Nanoparticles -- 5.4 Summary and Prospects for the Future -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6 Nanoparticles as Enzyme Mimics -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Nanoparticles and Their Properties in Solution, Uptake in Cells, and Clearance -- 6.3 Chemically Active Nanoparticles -- 6.3.1 Peroxidase Mimics -- 6.3.2 Haloperoxidase Mimics -- 6.4 Other Oxidoreductase Mimics-Superoxide Dismutases and Oxidases -- 6.5 Conclusions/Outlook -- References.

7 A Physical Approach to Monitoring Biological Activity of Nanoparticulates -- 7.1 Fibrous Character of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) -- 7.2 Biological Activity of Nano-Sized Particulates of Some Oxides -- 7.3 In Vitro versus In Vivo Testing for Biotoxicity of Nanomaterials -- 7.4 Fundamental Approach to the Problem of Health Hazards Posed by Inhalation of Nanoparticulates of Diverse Chemicals -- 7.5 Experimental Evidence Forming the Basis of the Proposed Model -- 7.6 Physico-Chemical Approach to Monitoring Bioactivity -- 7.7 Thermally Stimulated Luminescence, Conductivity, and Exoelectron Emission [51-59] -- 7.8 How Can Emission Mössbauer Spectroscopy (EMS) Help in Identification and Estimation of Bioactive Defects? -- 7.9 Remedial Measures: Procedures Adopted for Preparation and Passivation of Defect Sites -- 7.10 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 8 Morphology-Tailored Titania Nanoparticles -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Ionic Liquids -- 8.3 Combustion-Assisted Methods -- 8.4 Gas Flame Combustion -- 8.5 Sonochemical Methods -- 8.6 Reverse Microemulsion -- 8.7 Methods Starting from Metallic Titanium -- 8.8 Anodization -- 8.8.1 Nanotubes -- 8.8.2 Films -- 8.9 Modification of Commercial Titania -- 8.10 Miscellaneous Methods -- 8.11 Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 9 Metal Oxide Nanotube, Nanorod, and Quantum Dot Photocatalysis -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Semiconductor Photocatalysts -- 9.3 Advantages of Nanoparticles -- 9.4 Nanoparticle Synthesis -- 9.5 Doping -- 9.6 Metal Nanoparticles -- 9.7 Quantum Dots -- 9.8 Carbon Heterojunctions -- 9.9 Water Splitting -- 9.10 CO2 Reduction -- 9.11 Solar Photocatalysis -- 9.12 Photodynamic Therapy PDT -- 9.13 Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 Photocatalytic Nanooxides: The Case of TiO2 and ZnO -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 The Case of Bare Oxides -- 10.2.1 Titania -- 10.2.2 ZnO.

10.3 Doping and Composite Systems Based in Titania and Zinc Oxides -- 10.3.1 TiO2 -- 10.3.1.1 Low doping levels -- 10.3.1.2 High doping levels -- 10.3.1.3 Composite systems -- 10.3.2 ZnO -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 Recent Advances in Photocatalytic Processes by Nanomaterials -- 11.1 Photocatalysts and Mechanisms of Photocatalysis Processes -- 11.2 Applications of Photocatalysts -- 11.2.1 Water and Wastewater Treatment -- 11.2.2 Gas-Phase Treatment -- 11.2.3 Self-Cleaning Surfaces and Anti-Fogging Property -- 11.2.4 Photocatalytic Sterilization and Cancer Treatment -- 11.3 Challenges and Issues with Possible Solutions in Photocatalytic Processes -- 11.3.1 Novel Photocatalysts -- 11.3.1.1 Modifying the Surface of the Photocatalyst with Metals -- 11.3.1.2 Coupling of Photocatalysts (Composite Photocatalysts) -- 11.3.1.3 Transition and Rare Earth Metal-Ion Doping of Photocatalysts -- 11.3.1.4 Non-Metal-Ion Doping of Photocatalysts -- 11.3.1.5 Surface Sensitization of Photocatalysts via Chemisorbed or Physisorbed Dyes -- 11.3.2 Immobilization of Photocatalysts: Advantages and Disadvantages -- 11.3.3 Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors -- 11.3.4 Photocatalysts Deactivation -- 11.3.5 Integration of Photocatalysis with Other Technologies -- 11.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 12 Insights into Heterogeneous Catalysis through Surface Science Techniques -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Under Near Ambient Conditions (APXPS) -- 12.3 Vibrational Spectroscopy at High Pressures -- 12.3.1 Polarization Modulation Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) -- 12.3.2 Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy -- 12.4 Surface Science Studies Using High Pressure Techniques -- 12.5 Conclusion and Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 13 Block Copolymer Lithography -- 13.1 Introduction.

13.2 Introduction to Block copolymers -- 13.2.1 Block Copolymers -- 13.2.2 Phase Segregation -- 13.2.3 Inorganic Architectures -- 13.3 Catalysis -- 13.3.1 Heterogeneous Catalysis -- 13.3.2 Nanowire Growth -- 13.4 New Frontiers: Plasmonics -- 13.5 Outlook -- References -- 14 Multi-Metallic Nanoparticles as More Efficient Catalysts for Fuel Cell Reactions -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Multi-Metallic Alloy NPs -- 14.3 Dumbbell NPs -- 14.4 Core/Shell NPs -- 14.5 Conclusions and Perspectives -- References -- 15 Hydrogenation by Nanoparticle Catalysts -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.1.1 Hydrogenation Mechanisms -- 15.2 Hydrogenation Catalysts -- 15.2.1 Heterogeneous Catalysis -- 15.2.2 Homogeneous Catalysis -- 15.2.3 Nanoparticles Catalysis -- 15.3 Hydrogenation by Monometallic Nanoparticles -- 15.3.1 Platinum Nanoparticles -- 15.3.2 Palladium Nanoparticles -- 15.3.3 Rhodium Nanoparticles -- 15.3.4 Ruthenium Nanoparticles -- 15.3.5 Gold Nanoparticles -- 15.3.6 Cobalt Nanoparticles -- 15.3.7 Iron Nanoparticles -- 15.3.8 Nickel Nanoparticles -- 15.4 Hydrogenation by Bimetallic Nanoparticles -- 15.5 Hydrogenation by Multimetallic Nanoparticles -- 15.6 Future Outlook: Nanoparticle-Catalyzed Hydrodeoxygenation -- 15.7 Summary -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 16 Silicone Stabilized Nanoparticles as Hybrid Phase Catalysts for Selective Hydrolytic Oxidation of Hydrosilanes -- 16.1 Introduction -- 16.1.1 General Aspects of Nanoparticles -- 16.1.2 Synthetic Challenges -- 16.1.3 Nanoparticles as Recyclable Catalysts -- 16.1.4 A New Way to Make Nanoparticles -- 16.2 What are Silanols? -- 16.2.1 Difficulties Associated with Silanol Synthesis -- 16.2.2 General Methods of Silanol Synthesis -- 16.3 Pt-nanoparticle Catalyzed Hydrolytic Oxidation of Organosilanes -- 16.4 Investigation of the Nature of Catalysts -- 16.5 Mechanistic Proposal.

16.6 Polymerization of Bis-silanols via Dehydrocoupling Reaction.