Front Cover -- The New Public Health -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Foreword -- Introduction -- Chapter 1. A History of Public Health -- Introduction -- Prehistoric Societies -- The Ancient World -- The Early Medieval Period (Fifth to Tenth Centuries AD) -- The Late Medieval Period (Eleventh to Fifteenth Centuries) -- The Renaissance (1500-1750) -- Enlightenment, Science, and Revolution (1750-1830) -- Foundations of Health Statistics and Epidemiology -- Social Reform and the Sanitary Movement (1830-1875) -- Hospital Reform -- The Bacteriologic Revolution -- Microbiology and Immunology -- Maternal and Child Health -- Nutrition in Public Health -- Military Medicine -- Internationalization of Health -- The Epidemiologic Transition -- The Evolution of Public Health in the Twentieth Century -- Creating and Managing Health Systems -- Summary -- Historical Markers -- Recommended Readings -- Bibliography -- Chapter 2. Expanding the Concept of Public Health -- Introduction -- Evolution of Public Health -- Health and Disease -- The Natural History of Disease -- Society and Health -- Modes of Prevention -- Demographic and Epidemiologic Transition -- Interdependence of Health Services -- Defining Public Health -- World Health Organization's Definition of Health -- Selective Primary Care -- The Risk Approach -- The Case-for-Action -- Political Economy and Health -- Health and Development -- Health Systems: The Case for Reform -- Advocacy and Consumerism -- The Health Field Concept -- The Value of Medical Care in Public Health -- Health Targets -- Individual and Community Participation in Health -- Social Ecology and Health Promotion -- Defining Public Health Standards -- Integrative Approaches to Public Health -- The New Public Health -- Summary -- Recommended Readings -- Bibliography -- Chapter 3. Measuring and Evaluating the Health of a Population.

Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Social Epidemiology -- Epidemiology in Building Health Policy -- Rates and Ratios -- Demography -- Life Expectancy -- Sentinel Events -- The Burden of Disease -- Measurements -- Normal Distribution -- Standardization of Rates -- Sampling -- Potential Errors in Measurement -- Screening for Disease -- Epidemiologic Studies -- Establishing Causal Relationships -- Notifiable Diseases -- Special Registries and Reporting Systems -- Disease Classification -- Hospital Discharge Information -- Health Information Systems (Informatics) -- Surveillance, Reporting, and Publication -- Assessing the Health of the Individual -- Assessment of Population Health -- Health Care Financing and Organization -- Summary-From Information to Knowledge to Policy -- Electronic Sources -- Recommended Readings -- Bibliography -- Chapter 4. Communicable Diseases -- Introduction -- Public Health and the Control of Communicable Disease -- The Nature of Communicable Disease -- Host-Agent-Environment Triad -- Classifications of Communicable Diseases -- Modes of Transmission of Disease -- Immunity -- Surveillance -- Endemic and Epidemic Disease -- Control of Communicable Diseases -- Vaccine-Preventable Diseases -- Essentials of an Immunization Program -- Control/Eradication of Infectious Diseases -- Tuberculosis -- Streptococcal Diseases -- Zoonoses -- Vector-Borne Diseases -- Parasitic Diseases -- Legionnaire's Disease -- Leprosy -- Trachoma -- Sexually Transmitted Diseases -- Diarrheal Diseases -- Acute Respiratory Infections -- Communicable Disease Control in the New Public Health -- Summary -- Electronic Media -- Recommended Readings -- Bibliography -- Vaccine-Preventable Disease -- Other Communicable Diseases -- Chapter 5. Noncommunicable Conditions -- Introduction -- The Rise of Chronic Disease -- The Burden of Chronic Conditions.

Risk Factors and Causation of Chronic Conditions -- Chronic Manifestations of Infectious Diseases -- Cardiovascular Diseases -- Chronic Lung Disease -- Diabetes Mellitus -- End Stage Renal Disease -- Cancer -- Chronic Liver Disease -- Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disorders -- Neurological Disorders -- Visual Disorders -- Hearing Disorders -- Trauma, Violence, and Injury -- Chronic Disease and the New Public Health -- Summary -- Electronic Media -- Recommended Reading -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6. Family Health -- Introduction -- The Family Unit -- Maternal Health -- Labor and Delivery -- Genetic and Birth Disorders -- Infant and Child Health -- Infancy Care and Feeding -- Anticipatory Counseling -- Documentation, Records, and Monitoring -- The Preschooler (Ages 1-5 Years) -- School and Adolescent Health -- Adult Health -- Women's Health -- Men's Health -- Health of the Elderly -- Summary -- Electronic Media -- Recommended Readings -- Bibliography -- Chapter 7. Special Community Health Needs -- Introduction -- Mental Health -- Mental Handicap -- Oral Health -- Physical Disability and Rehabilitation -- Special Group Health Needs -- Gay and Lesbian Health -- Native Peoples' Health -- Prisoners' Health -- Homeless Population Health -- Refugee Health -- Military Medicine -- Health Protection in Disasters -- Internet Websites -- Summary -- Electronic Media -- Recommended Readings -- Bibliography -- Chapter 8. Nutrition and Food Safety -- Introduction -- Development of Nutrition in Public Health -- Nutrition in a Global Context -- Nutrition and Infection -- Functions of Food -- Human Nutritional Requirements -- Growth -- Measuring Body Mass -- Recommended Dietary Allowances -- Disorders of Undernutrition -- Vitamin and Mineral Deficiency Conditions -- Eating Disorders -- Diseases of Overnutrition -- Nutrition in Pregnancy and Lactation.

Promoting Healthy Diets and Lifestyles -- Dietary Guidelines -- Vitamin and Mineral Enrichment of Basic Foods -- Food and Nutrition Policy -- Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation -- Food Quality and Safety -- Nutrition and the New Public Health -- Summary -- Electronic Media -- Recommended Readings -- Bibliography -- Nutrition and Food Technology Journals -- Chapter 9. Environmental and Occupational Health -- Environmental Health: Introduction -- Environmental Issues -- Geographic and Environmental Epidemiology -- Environmental Targets -- Global Environmental Change -- Community Water Supplies -- Sewage Collection and Treatment -- Solid Waste -- Toxins -- Agricultural and Environmental Hazards -- Air Pollution -- Indoor Pollution -- Hazardous or Toxic Wastes -- Radiation -- Environmental Impact -- Environmental Health Organization -- Occupational Health: Introduction -- Development of Occupational Health -- The Health of Workers -- The Burden of Occupational Morbidity and Mortality -- International Issues in Occupational Health -- National and Management Responsibilities -- Occupational Health Targets -- Toxicity at the Workplace and in the Environment -- Workplace Violence -- Occupational Health in Clinical Practice -- Inspecting the Place of Work -- Risk Assessment -- Preventing Disasters in the Workplace -- Occupation and the New Public Health -- Summary -- Electronic Media -- Recommended Readings -- Bibliography-Water Quality and Waterborne Disease -- Bibliography-Occupational and Environmental Health -- Chapter 10. Organization of Public Health Systems -- Introduction -- Government and Health of the Nation -- Functions of Public Health -- Nongovernment Roles in Health -- Medical Practice and Public Health -- Incentives and Regulation -- National Government Public Health Services -- State Government Public Health Services.

Local Health Authorities -- Monitoring Health Status -- National Health Targets -- Public Health Organization and the New Public Health -- Hospitals in the New Public Health -- The Uninsured as a Public Health Problem -- Summary -- Electronic Media -- Recommended Readings -- Bibliography -- Chapter 11. Measuring Costs: The Economics of Health -- Introduction -- Economic Issues of Health Systems -- Basic Concepts in Health Economics -- Need, Demand, and Utilization of Health Services -- Competition in Health Care -- Elasticities of Demand -- Measuring Costs -- Economic Measures of Health Status -- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis -- Cost-Benefit Analysis -- Basic Assessment Scheme for Intervention Costs and Consequences -- The Value of Human Life -- Health Financing-The Macroeconomics Level -- Costs of Illness -- Medical and Hospital Care-Microeconomics -- District Health Systems -- Paying for Hospital Care -- Capital Costs -- Hospital Supply, Utilization, and Costs -- Modified Market Forces -- Economics and the New Public Health -- Summary -- Electronic Media -- Recommended Readings -- Bibliography -- Chapter 12. Planning and Managing Health Systems -- Introduction -- Health Policy and Planning as Context -- The Elements of Organizations -- Scientific Management -- Bureaucratic Pyramidal Organizations -- Organizations as Energy Systems -- Target-Oriented Management -- Human Relations Management -- Network Organization -- Total Quality Management -- Changing Human Behavior -- Empowerment -- Strategic Management of Health Systems -- Health System Organization Models -- Skills for Management -- The Chief Executive Officer of Health Organizations -- Community Participation -- Integration-Lateral and Vertical -- Norms and Performance Indicators -- New Organizational Models -- Management and the New Public Health -- Summary -- Recommended Readings.

Bibliography.