An Approach to Translation Criticism -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Acknowledgements -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Translation Quality Assessment -- 1.2 Translation criticism -- 1.2.1 Leuven-Zwart and Koster: "shifts" and the tertium comparationis -- 1.2.2 Armin Paul Frank and the transfer-oriented approach -- 1.2.3 Antoine Berman's "critique" -- 1.2.4 Corpus Based Translation Studies -- 1.3 In search of a new model -- 1.3.1 Source vs. target -- 1.3.2 Terminology -- 1.3.3 Identifying passages and the micro-meso-macro-level relationship -- 1.3.4 The question of style -- 1.3.5 The tertium comparationis -- 1.3.6 The critic's interpretative position -- 1.4 A brief outline of methodology -- 1.4.1 Preliminary data -- 1.4.2 The critical framework -- 1.4.3 Micro- and meso-level analysis -- 1.4.4 Macro-level analysis -- 1.5 Corpus -- 1.6 Concluding remarks -- 2. From preliminary data to the critical framework -- 2.1 Madame Bovary -- 2.1.1 Preliminary data for Madame Bovary -- 2.1.2 The critical framework for Madame Bovary -- 2.1.3 The choice of passages for Madame Bovary -- 2.2 Emma -- 2.2.1 Preliminary data for Emma -- 2.2.2 The critical framework for Emma -- 2.2.3 The choice of passages for Emma -- 2.3 From the critical framework to the initial reading -- 2.4 Conclusion -- 3. Describing translational choices and their effects -- 3.1 A passage from Madame Bovary -- 3.2 A passage from Emma -- 3.3 Tools and metalanguage for describing translational choices -- 3.3.1 Describing syntactic choice -- 3.3.2 Describing lexical choice -- 3.3.3 Describing grammatical choice -- 3.3.4 Describing stylistic choice -- 3.3.5 Overriding translational choices: Addition and Elimination -- 3.3.6 Free indirect discourse (FID) -- 3.4 Meso-level effects -- 3.4.1 Voice effects -- 3.4.2 Interpretational effects -- 3.4.3 The question of impact.

3.5 Meso-level analyses -- 3.5.1 Passage 3:1 -- 3.5.2 Passage 3:2 -- 3.6 Conclusion -- 4. Two translations of Emma -- 4.1 The social framework -- 4.2 Looking for clues -- 4.3 The author's narrator and free indirect discourse -- 4.4 Results and Conclusion -- 5. Three versions of Madame Bovary -- 5.1 Dialogue -- 5.2 The depiction of iterative "reality" -- 5.3 Fantasy -- 5.3.1 Charles' daydream of Berthe's future -- 5.3.2 Emma's fantasized elopement -- 5.4 Hallucination -- 5.5 Results and Conclusion -- 6. The macrostructural level -- 6.1 The macro-level -- 6.2 Macro-level effects -- 6.2.1 Voice effects -- 6.2.2 Interpretational effects -- 6.3 General macro-level categories -- 6.3.1 From "divergent similarity" to "adaptation" -- 6.4 Drawing up hypotheses -- 6.5 Conclusion -- 7. Radical divergence and adaptation -- 7.1 Saint-Segond -- 7.2 May and Hopkins -- 7.3 Salesse-Lavergne -- 7.4 Nordon -- 7.5 Conclusion -- 8. Relative divergence -- 8.1 Russell -- 8.2 Steegmuller -- 8.3 Conclusion -- 9. Divergent similarity -- 9.1 Mauldon -- 9.2 Wall -- 9.3 Mauldon and Wall compared -- 9.4 Russell and Steegmuller -- 9.5 Hopkins and May -- 10. Conclusion -- 10.1 Pitfalls and inherent weaknesses -- 10.2 Results -- 10.3 The need for criticism -- 10.4 The purpose of criticism -- References -- 1. Primary sources -- 2. Secondary sources -- 3. Websites -- Subject index -- Name index.