Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- The terrain -- The Nilgiri population -- 1. The migration from Mysore -- Dating the migration -- Wodeas -- Kongaru -- Hairuvas -- Adikiris -- Kanakkas -- Kaggusis -- Gaudas -- Wainad Gaudas -- Badagas of Ha:sanu:ru -- Tore as -- Be:das, Kumba:ras and hill forts -- 2. Place-names and cultural ecology -- A new system of therapy -- Village names -- Selection of an ecological zone -- 3. Social groupings -- The joint patrilocal family -- Lineage -- Clan -- Phratry -- Moieties -- Septs -- Jati, marriage preference and role ambiguity -- Wodeas -- Kongaru -- Ha:ruvas -- Adikiris -- Kanakkas -- Kaggusis -- Gaudas -- Kumba:ras -- Be:das -- Toreas -- Ha:sanu:ru Badagas -- 4. Traditional interchange (1) -- The interdependence of the plateau communities -- Badagas and Kotas -- 5. Traditional interchange (2) -- Badagas and Todas -- Badagas and Kurumbas -- Badagas and Irulas -- Badagas and Kasuvas -- Badagas and Uralis -- The Wainad Gaudas and their neighbours -- Traditional interchange : A summary -- 6. Early patterns of trade -- Original state of the economy -- Marketing before 1825 -- Marketing after 1825 -- Itinerant traders on the plateau -- 7. Growth of the cash economy -- Impact of British ideas on the Badaga economy (1799-1850)147 -- Expansion of the market economy (1850-1900) -- Agricultural change over the past century -- Modern systems of marketing -- Modern employment -- 8. Administration and law -- Customary law -- Local administration -- The present ambilegal situation -- Political choice -- Modern laws -- 9. A period of stress -- Factors leading to stress -- Reactions of the Badagas to evangelization -- Conclusion -- 10. Religious and social change in the twentieth century -- Bajan and Krishna worship -- Tamilian and Kanarese celebrations -- Growth of Lingayat ties with Mysore.

Changing patterns of marriage and residence -- The new factions -- The Christian community -- New patterns of communication -- Networks of communication -- The position of Badagas in Nilgiri society -- Changing social structure -- 11. Summary and conclusion -- Some conclusions on modernization -- Appendix 1. Population of the main Nilgiri communities, 1961 -- Appendix 2. Badaga population growth compared with that of Todas & Kotas -- Plate Section -- References -- General Index -- Name Index -- Place-Name Index.