Ceramic Matrix Composites -- Contents -- Preface -- Contributors -- PART 1 Fibers: Interface and Architecture -- CHAPTER 1 Reinforcement of Ceramic Matrix Composites: Properties of SiC-Based Filaments and Tows -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Processing of SiC-Based Filaments -- 1.3 Fracture Characteristics of Single Filaments -- 1.3.1 Statistical Strength Distributions -- 1.3.2 Weibull Distribution of Failure Strengths -- 1.3.3 Determination of Weibull Statistical Parameters -- 1.3.4 Normal Distribution -- 1.4 Multifilament Tows -- 1.4.1 The Bundle Model -- 1.4.2 Filaments-Tows Relations: Tow-Based Testing Methods for Determination of Single Filament Properties -- 1.5 Mechanical Behavior at High Temperatures -- 1.5.1 Strength Degradation and Oxidation at High Temperature -- 1.5.2 Static Fatigue Under Constant Load at Intermediate Temperatures: Subcritical Crack Growth -- 1.6 Summary -- References -- CHAPTER 2 Carbon Fibers -- 2.1 Introduction/Production Routes -- 2.2 Structure of Carbon Fibers -- 2.2.1 Levels 1 and 2, Atomic level -- 2.2.2 Level 3, Lower Nanometer Range -- 2.2.3 Level 4, Upper Nanometer Range -- 2.2.4 Level 5, 10-m Range -- 2.3 Stiffness and Strength of Carbon Fibers -- 2.4 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- CHAPTER 3 Influence of Interfaces and Interphases on the Mechanical Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Role of Interfacial Domain in CMCs -- 3.2.1 Crack Initiation at Interfaces -- 3.2.2 Crack Deflection at Interfaces -- 3.2.3 Approaches to Crack Deflection at Interfaces -- 3.2.4 Deflection Criteria Based on the Cook and Gordon Mechanism -- 3.2.5 Influence of Material Elastic Properties on Crack Deflection -- 3.3 Influence of Deflected Cracks -- 3.4 Strengthened Interfaces and Interphases -- 3.5 Various Concepts of Weak Interfaces/Interphases.

3.6 Determination of Interfacial Properties -- 3.6.1 The Interfacial Tensile Strength -- 3.6.2 Interfacial Shear Strength or Stress -- 3.7 Interface Selection -- 3.8 Conclusions -- References -- CHAPTER 4 Textile Reinforcements: Architectures, Mechanical Behavior, and Forming -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Textile Composite Reinforcements -- 4.2.1 Multiscale Materials: Fibers, Tows, Fabrics -- 4.2.2 Architecture and Geometry of the Unit Woven Cell -- 4.2.3 Experimental Analysis of the Mechanical Behavior -- 4.2.4 Mechanical Behavior Modeling -- 4.3 Reinforcements of Ceramic Composites -- 4.3.1 Silicon Carbide Fibers -- 4.3.2 Textile Reinforcement -- 4.3.3 Infiltration of the Textile Preform -- 4.4 Preforming Simulation -- 4.4.1 Fishnet Algorithm -- 4.4.2 Continuous FE Approaches -- 4.4.3 Hypoelastic Behavior: Simulation of a Double-Dome Forming -- 4.4.4 Composite Reinforcement Forming Using a Semidiscrete Approach -- 4.5 Conclusion -- References -- PART 2 Composite Materials -- CHAPTER 5 Carbon/Carbons and Their Industrial Applications -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Manufacturing of CarbonCarbons -- 5.2.1 Carbon Fiber Reinforcements -- 5.2.2 Matrix Systems -- 5.2.3 Redensification/Recarbonization Cycles -- 5.2.4 Final Heat Treatment -- 5.3 Strengths -- 5.3.1 Introduction -- 5.3.2 Fiber/Matrix Interface -- 5.3.3 Tensile Strength -- 5.3.4 Shear Strength -- 5.3.5 Compressive Strength -- 5.3.6 Fatigue Behavior -- 5.3.7 Concluding Remarks -- 5.4 Thermal Properties of Carbon/Carbon Composites -- 5.4.1 Introduction -- 5.4.2 Thermophysical Properties of Monolithic Carbons -- 5.4.3 Thermal Conductivity of Carbon/Carbons -- 5.4.4 Electrical Properties -- 5.4.5 Thermal Expansion -- 5.4.6 Specific Heat -- 5.4.7 Thermal Shock Resistance -- 5.4.8 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions -- 5.5 Oxidation Protection of Carbon/Carbon.

5.5.1 Bulk Protection Systems for Carbon/Carbons -- 5.5.2 Outer Multilayer Coatings -- 5.5.3 Outer Glass Sealing Layers -- 5.6 Industrial Applications of Carbon/Carbons -- 5.6.1 Carbon/Carbons for High-Temperature Furnaces -- 5.6.2 Application for Thermal Treatments of Metals -- 5.6.3 Application of Carbon/Carbon in the Solar Energy Market -- References -- CHAPTER 6 CSiC and CC-SiC Composites -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Manufacturing Methods -- 6.2.1 Chemical Vapor Infiltration -- 6.2.2 Polymer Infiltration and Pyrolysis -- 6.2.3 Melt Infiltration -- 6.3 Properties -- 6.3.1 General Properties -- 6.3.2 Material Composition and Microstructure -- 6.3.3 Mechanical Properties -- 6.3.4 Thermal Properties -- 6.3.5 Oxidation -- 6.3.6 Tribological Properties -- 6.4 Applications -- 6.4.1 Space Applications -- 6.4.2 Applications for Aeronautics -- 6.4.3 Applications for Friction Systems -- 6.4.4 Applications for High Temperature Treatment of Metals -- 6.5 Summary -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- CHAPTER 7 Advances in SiCSiC Composites for Aero-Propulsion -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Materials and Process Requirements for Structurally Reliable High Temperature SiCSiC Components -- 7.3 Current Fabrication Routes for SiCSiC Engine Components -- 7.4 Recent Nasa Advancements in SicSiC Materials and Processes -- 7.4.1 Advances in SiC-Based Fibers -- 7.4.2 Advances in Interfacial Fiber Coatings -- 7.4.3 Advances in SiC Fiber Architectures -- 7.4.4 Advances in SiC-Based Matrices -- 7.4.5 Advances in SiCSiC Microstructural Design Methods -- 7.5 Current Microstructural Design Guidelines and Potential Service Issues for Higher Temperature SicSic Components -- 7.6 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- CHAPTER 8 Oxide-Oxide Composites -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Composite Design for Tough Behavior -- 8.2.1 Porous Matrices.

8.2.2 Interface Control -- 8.3 Fibers and Fiber Architecture -- 8.4 Processing Methods -- 8.4.1 Processing of Interface Coatings -- 8.4.2 Matrix Infiltration -- 8.4.3 Consolidation -- 8.4.4 Metal Oxidation Processing -- 8.5 Porous Matrix Composite Systems -- 8.6 Properties -- 8.6.1 Basic Physical Characteristics -- 8.6.2 Room Temperature Uniaxial Mechanical Properties -- 8.6.3 Long-Term Thermal Exposure -- 8.6.4 Durability -- 8.6.5 Notch Sensitivity and Toughness -- 8.6.6 Off-Axis Properties -- 8.7 Composites with Interface Coatings -- 8.7.1 Weak Oxide-Oxide Phase Boundaries/Weak Oxides -- 8.7.2 Porous Coatings -- 8.7.3 Fugitive Coatings -- 8.7.4 Other Coatings -- 8.8 Technology Development -- 8.9 Potential Future for Oxide-Oxide Composites -- Acknowledgments -- References -- CHAPTER 9 Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramic-Based Composites -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramic-Based Composites with Particulates -- 9.2.1 Fabrication Methods -- 9.2.2 Physical Properties -- 9.2.3 Mechanical Properties -- 9.3 Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramic-Based Composites with Short Fibers -- 9.3.1 Carbon Fiber-Reinforced ZrB2- or HfB2-Based Ceramics Matrix Composites -- 9.3.2 Silicon Carbide Fiber-Reinforced ZrB2-Based Ceramics Matrix Composites -- 9.4 Summary Remarks and Future Outlook -- References -- PART 3 Environmental Effects and Coatings -- CHAPTER 10 Environmental Effects on Oxide/Oxide Composites -- 10.1 Introduction/Background -- 10.2 Mechanical Behavior-Effects of Environment -- 10.2.1 Tensile Stress-Strain Behavior -- 10.2.2 Tensile Creep -- 10.2.3 Tensile Creep and Recovery -- 10.2.4 Tensile Creep-N720A and N720AM Composites with ±45 Fiber Orientation -- 10.2.5 Compression and Compression Creep -- 10.2.6 Creep in Interlaminar Shear -- 10.2.7 Tension-Tension Fatigue -- 10.2.8 Tension-Tension Fatigue with Hold Times.

10.3 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions -- References -- CHAPTER 11 Stress-Environmental Effects on Fiber-Reinforced SiC-Based Composites -- 11.1 Introduction/Background -- 11.2 Mechanisms -- 11.2.1 Surface Recession -- 11.2.2 Interior Oxidation and "Oxidation Embrittlement" (Via Cracks or Exposed Volatile Pathways) -- 11.3 Composite Systems -- 11.3.1 Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced SiC Composites (CfSiCm) -- 11.3.2 SiC-Fiber-Reinforced SiC Matrix Composites with Carbon Interphases (SiCfCiSiCm) -- 11.3.3 SiC-Fiber-Reinforced SiC Matrix Composites with BN Interphases (SiCfBNiSiCm) -- 11.4 Modeling and Design for Stress-Oxidation Degradation -- 11.4.1 Modeling Stressed-Oxidation Degradation in CSiC Composites-C Fiber Removal -- 11.4.2 Modeling Stressed-Oxidation Degradation in SiCCSiC Composites: Interphase Recession and Fiber Flaw Growth -- 11.4.3 Modeling Stressed-Oxidation Degradation in SiC Fiber Composites-Unbridged Crack Growth Due to Fiber Weakening and Stress Concentration at Unbridged Crack Tip -- 11.4.4 Modeling Stressed-Oxidation Degradation in SiCBNSiC Composites: Unbridged Crack Growth Due to Strongly Bonded Fibers and Local Fiber Failure -- 11.4.5 Mechanism Map: Henegar and Jones -- 11.4.6 Simple Design Approach: Matrix Cracking Stress -- 11.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- CHAPTER 12 Environmental Effects: Ablation of CC Materials-Surface Dynamics and Effective Reactivity -- 12.1 Introduction/Background -- 12.1.1 Materials Description -- 12.1.2 Materials Tests -- 12.1.3 Observation of Roughness Features -- 12.2 Materials Observation: Recession Rate -- 12.2.1 Theory -- 12.2.2 Results and Discussions -- 12.3 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- CHAPTER 13 Radiation Effects -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Theory of Radiation Damage.

13.2.1 What Is Radiation Damage?.