Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Dedication: For Ella and Alfie -- Dedication: Robert John Wootton (1942-2014) -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations and acronyms -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Introduction -- Reproductive modes of the teleosts -- Gender systems of teleosts -- Spawning dynamics -- Modes of fertilisation -- Mating systems -- Secondary sexual characteristics -- Parental care -- Reproductive guilds -- Reproductive diversity in teleosts: an explanatory framework -- Phylogenetic relationships of the teleosts -- Life-history theory -- Aims of the volume -- Chapter 2 Sex determination -- Introduction -- Genotypic sex determination -- Monofactorial genotypic sex determination -- Multifactorial genotypic sex determination -- Polyfactorial (polygenic) genotypic sex determination -- Environmental sex determination -- Evolution of sex-determining mechanisms -- Chapter 3 Sex differentiation -- Introduction -- Embryology of the gonads -- Origin and migration of primordial germ cells -- Sex differentiation in the gonadal anlagen -- Initial differentiation of the gonads -- Initial differentiation of ovaries -- Initial differentiation of testes -- Genetic control of early gonadal differentiation -- Synthesis -- Chapter 4 Gametogenesis -- Introduction -- Structure of ovaries -- Gross morphology of the ovaries -- Development of female gonoducts -- Oogenesis -- Oogonial proliferation and oogonial nest formation -- Chromatin nucleolus stage -- Primary growth -- Secondary growth - vitellogenesis -- Vitellogenin and the zona pellucida proteins -- Polarity of the oocyte -- Oocyte maturation -- Ovulation -- Atresia -- Fertilisation -- Genetic control of oogenesis -- Dynamics of oocyte development -- Spawning dynamics and fecundity -- Structure of the testes -- Gross morphology of a testis -- Development of male gonoducts.

Accessory structures associated with the testes and gonoducts -- Spermatogenesis -- Spermatocysts -- Sertoli cells -- Stages of spermatogenesis within a spermatogenic spermatocyst -- Differentiated spermatogonia -- Primary spermatocysts -- Secondary spermatocysts -- Spermatids -- Spermiation and capacitation -- Types of spermatozoa -- Structure and phylogenetic distribution -- Spermatozoa viability -- Genetic control of spermatogenesis -- Dynamics of spermatogenesis -- Quantitative analysis of sperm production -- Chapter 5 Endocrinology of reproduction -- Introduction -- Brain-pituitary-gonad reproductive axis in vertebrates -- Levels of analysis -- Gonadal steroids -- Sex steroid synthesis -- Sex steroid receptors -- Endocrine control of oogenesis -- Oogonial proliferation and primary growth -- Secondary growth: vitellogenesis -- Maturation and ovulation -- Endocrine control of oogenesis in species with batch spawning -- Endocrine control of spermatogenesis -- Spermatogonial proliferation -- Initiation of meiosis and formation of spermatocysts -- Spermiation -- Patterns of spawning in relation to spermatogenesis -- The pituitary and the gonadotrophins -- Brain-pituitary relationship -- Gonadotrophs and gonadotrophins -- Gonadotrophin receptors -- Hypothalamic control of the pituitary -- Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone -- Functions of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone -- Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptors -- Distribution of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurons in the brain -- Role of dopamine as an inhibitor of reproduction -- Role of other brain factors in the control of gonadotrophs -- Feedback control in the brain-pituitary-gonad reproductive axis -- A provisional model for the control of the developmental dynamics of ovaries and testes -- Puberty in teleosts -- Physiological control of puberty.

Interactions between growth and reproductive axes -- Endocrines, behaviour and secondary sexual characteristics -- Four model species -- Role of endocrines in regulation of reproductive behaviour -- Sensory systems -- Central integrative systems -- Motor systems -- Endocrines and secondary sex characteristics -- Effect of social interactions on reproductive endocrines -- Role of pheromones in reproductive interactions -- Endocrine-disrupting chemicals -- Conclusions -- Chapter 6 Environmental control of reproduction -- Introduction -- Seasonal patterns of reproduction -- Global seasonal patterns -- Ultimate factors -- Proximate factors -- Spawning seasonality in freshwater systems -- Spawning seasonality in marine species -- Lunar-related reproductive cycles -- Intertidal spawners -- Coral reef spawners -- Freshwater spawners -- Diel reproductive cycles -- Multiple environmental cycles -- Endogenous cycles and reproductive activity -- Proximate factors -- Photoperiod and temperature -- Lunar-related and tidal cycles -- Rainfall, flooding and other cues -- Social factors as cues -- Stress and reproduction -- Neuroendocrine mechanisms mediating environmental effects -- Food as a proximate factor -- Feeding and capital breeders -- Feeding and income breeders -- Feeding and skipped spawnings -- Physiological basis for the effect of feeding on reproduction -- Conclusions -- Chapter 7 Migration, territoriality and spawning site selection -- Introduction -- Migration -- Terms and definitions -- Migratory patterns associated with reproduction -- Adaptive significance of reproductive migrations -- Energetic costs of migration -- Survival costs of migration -- Physiological adaptations associated with migration -- Mechanisms of orientation and homing during spawning migrations -- Control of timing of migration -- Human impacts on migration -- Territoriality.

The concept of territoriality and definitions -- Adaptive significance of territoriality -- Cost-benefit analysis and evolutionary stable strategy -- Aggression and territoriality -- Patterns of occurrence of territoriality -- Establishment and maintenance of territories -- Physiological basis of territoriality -- Energetic costs of territoriality -- Genetic basis of territoriality -- Territoriality and population dynamics -- Spawning site selection -- Sites for reproduction -- Site selection without habitat modification -- Site preparation -- Site excavation -- Site preparation and young brooded elsewhere -- Site preparation and eggs buried -- Excavation of shelters and tunnels -- Nest construction -- Terrestrial spawning sites -- Cues used in spawning site selection -- Spawning symbioses -- Conclusions -- Chapter 8 Mating systems and sexual selection -- Introduction -- Classification of mating systems -- Sexual selection and theories of mate choice -- Direct intersexual selection -- Indirect intersexual selection -- Good genes -- Compatible genes -- Antagonistic genes -- Arbitrary mate choice -- Fisherian selection -- Sensory bias -- Male mate choice and female ornaments -- Mutual mate choice and the 'double process' of sexual selection -- Mate choice copying -- Intrasexual selection -- The interaction of intra- and intersexual selection -- The strength of sexual selection and the operational sex ratio -- Courtship -- Functions of courtship -- Mate identification and attraction -- Mate stimulation, mating synchrony and appeasement -- Maintenance of pair bonds -- Ornaments and signals in courtship -- Visual -- Body size -- Morphological trait size -- Colour -- UV reflectance -- Display behaviour -- Auditory -- Olfaction and gustation -- Tactile, electrical and other cues -- Multiple cues -- Sexual signals and reproductive isolation -- Fertilisation.

Sperm competition -- Cost of sperm production -- Risk and intensity of sperm competition -- Sperm competition avoidance -- Pre-oviposition ejaculation -- Seminal fluid composition -- Sperm capacitation and motility -- Ejaculate size and ejaculation frequency -- External fertilisation -- Internal fertilisation -- Quasi-internal fertilisation -- Male mating polymorphisms -- Causal factors -- Floaters, sneakers, streakers, pirates, parasites, fighters and the bourgeoisie -- Male mating polymorphism and sperm competition -- Guarder male response to non-guarders -- Female response to alternative male mating phenotypes -- Female mating polymorphisms -- Sexual conflict -- Phylogenetic history and mating system evolution -- Chapter 9 Parental care -- Introduction -- Definition of care -- Distribution of parental care -- Modes of parental care -- Protection from predators and disturbance -- Protection from hypoxia and desiccation -- Protection from pathogens -- Nutrition -- External bearing -- Internal bearing -- Costs of parental care -- Cost to parental survival -- Cost to number of offspring produced -- Sex role reversal and parental care -- Phenotypic plasticity in care -- Number of offspring -- Offspring age -- Offspring quality -- Food availability -- Parental age -- Availability of alternative mates -- Helper care systems -- Alloparental care -- Sneaky mating and egg dumping -- Egg stealing, kidnapping and nest takeovers -- Brood parasitism -- Cooperative care -- Misdirected care -- Filial cannibalism -- Evolution of parental care -- Chapter 10 Unusual reproductive modes -- Introduction -- Viviparity in teleosts -- Systematic distribution of viviparity in teleosts -- Internal fertilisation -- Lecithotrophy and matrotrophy -- Ovarian modifications in viviparity -- Testis modification in viviparity -- Gestation -- Timing of events -- Embryonic nutrition.

Superfetation.