Cover -- Contents -- Foreword -- Boxes, Figures, and Tables -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- Introduction -- PART I -- A. Why Does Kazakhstan Need to Diversify its Economy? -- B. Kazakhstan's Industrial Policy Programs: A Brief Overview -- C. Kazakhstan's Diversification 1995-2010 -- D. The Limits to Diversification in Kazakhstan -- PART II -- A. Key Issues in Industrial Policy -- 1. Who selects the sectors? -- 2. What is the rationale for sector selection? -- 3. What are the main tools used to promote sectors? -- 4. How can innovation, technology, and human capital development be fostered? -- 5. What are the most effective monitoring and evaluation mechanisms? -- B. Policy Priorities for Industrial Diversification in Kazakhstan -- Appendix -- References -- Boxes, Figures, and Tables -- Box 1: Algeria's Failure to Diversify -- Box 2: Samruk-Kazyna: Kazakhstan's Sovereign Wealth Fund -- Box 3: Green Growth in Kazakhstan -- Box 4: The National Financial Support System for SMEs in the Republic of Korea -- Box 5: The Rapid Development of Human Capital at the Pohang Steel Corporation -- Box 6: Coordination Systems for Policy Implementation -- Box 7: Designing Evaluation Indicators and Mechanisms -- Box 8: Monitoring and Evaluation of Government Support Programs for SME Innovation and R&D -- Figure 1: Kazakhstan's Oil Production and Consumption, 2000-2013 -- Figure 2: Export Structures of Costa Rica, Kazakhstan, Turkey, and Venezuela -- Figure 3: Diversification of Brazil's Exports, 1965 and 2010 -- Figure 4: Kazakhstan's Real Gross Domestic Product-Trend and Projection (1994 prices) -- Figure 5: Standardness and Diversification -- Figure 6: Economic Complexity Index-Selected Asian Economies -- Figure 7: The Product Space -- Figure 8: Product Space-Kazakhstan and Turkey, 1995 and 2010 -- Figure 9: The Lisbon Strategy "MAP".

Figure 10: European Investment Fund -- Figure 11: Onlending by KfW -- Figure 12: Republic of Korea's Research and Development Expenditure Trends -- Figure 13a: The "Superstar" Model: Low FDI, High R&D, High Royalty Payments -- Figure 13b: The "Latin" Model: High FDI, Low R&D, Moderate Royalty Payments -- Table B1: Decline of Algerian Manufacturing Industries (%) -- Table 1: Kazakhstan's Sectoral Production Trends (1980 = 100) -- Table 2a: Kazakhstan's Top 15 Exports by Nominal Increase, 1995-2010 -- Table 2b: Kazakhstan's Top 15 Exports by Nominal Decrease, 1995-2010 -- Table 3: Evolution of Kazakhstan's Diversification (number of products and % of total exports) -- Table 4: Kazakhstan's Exports by Centrality and Complexity, 1995 and 2010 -- Table 5: Natural-Resource Intensity, 1995 (% of total exports) -- Table 6: Natural-Resource Intensity and Diversification, 2010 (% of total exports and number of products exported with RCA[pop]>0.25) -- Table 7: Stage Dependent Industrial Policies -- Table 8: Industrial Policy Phases-Republic of Korea -- Table A1: Countries to which Kazakhstan Exported at least 10 million in 2010 -- Table A2: Distribution of the 127 Products Exported with Comparative Advantage by Kazakhstan in 2010 by Complexity and Connectedness to Other Products -- Table A3: Distribution of the 127 Products Exported with Comparative Advantage by Kazakhstan in 2010 vs. 1995 -- Table A4: Other DMC Exporters of Natural Resources -- Table A5: Australian Industrial Policy Instruments -- Table A6: EU Industrial Policy Instruments -- Table A7: US Industrial Policy Instruments.